<span class="postTitle">The Effin Ref and All That</span> West Tipperary S.H. Final Program, Cashel, Oct. 7, 2001

The Effin Ref and All That

West Tipperary S.H. Final Program, Cashel, Oct. 7, 2001

 

On the day of the All-Ireland football final, as we made our way towards the Cusack Stand we came across a pub I hadn’t seen before. What caught my fancy was the name over the entrance, The Blind Referee! It’s situated on Ballybough Road and it must have been newly christened or I would have noted it before.

It immediately sparked off thoughts on the lot of the referee and the kind of language he has to put up with on the playing pitch. ‘You’re blind, ref,’ is a mild form. ‘You’re effin blind.’ is a stronger form. Mostly the language used is much more vicious and insinuating. He is variously an illegitimate person, an effing illegitimate person, a part of the female anatomy, an effing part of the female anatomy, a masturbater, - Paddy Russell, and he was only a linesman on the day, was called one by a notable Meath footballer in last year’s football league final - an effin masturbater.

It’s amazing how a crowd of supporters can focus in on a referee and get high on abuse. In such a situation normally sane people become totally unreasonable. The level of invective rises to a crescendo and if people were to hear themselves the following day the’d be thoroughly ashamed.

John Moloney remembers being called a ‘black curlew’ on one occasion. One would love to know the significance of the term. ‘You long effer,’ was a regular term of abuse. But the abuse occasionally spilled over to physical contact. He recalls getting his hair pulled after a Connacht under-21 football final. There was some problem about the score. On another occasion he was clattered with an umbrella. He even recalls a young lad, presumably from the losing side, pinching him in the leg as he left the field after an underage game! And we all recall the poor referee from Wicklow who was locked into the boot of his car in County Wicklow!

The referee is the focus of attention in a game and the more important the game the greater his position. He is a most important individual. Not only does he implement the rules, he punishes any infringement of them. His word is sacred. The referee’s report is the equivalent of a legal document in that it is unalterable and the last word. When I was chairman of the West board, I stood by these reports rigidly. The board had to back its referees but following the report made life easy for a chairman: if he said it was rough play it was automatically two weeks. If it was worse the penalty was greater and the Treorai Oifigiuil spells out the penalty for every offence. In fact the chairman has little or no leeway. That is why I believe the rule of giving the player the right to appear before the board to defend himself is outdated: regardless of what he says it does not influence the decision of the board. So, why invite the offender along on a vain mission?

The only way matters can be changed is when the referee decides to do so. One recalls the case of the replay of the drawn All-Ireland semi-final between Offaly and Clare in 1998. Offaly objected on the grounds that short time was played and got a refixture only because the referee admitted he had called the game up short. If he had stuck to his guns and said full time was played, nobody could have done a damn thing about it.

The case of Brian O’Meara this year emphasises the point. Regardless of all the bluff and bluster, the representations and appeals, the newspaper columns of support and the backing of players for his reinstatement, the simple fact was that the referee’s report was sacrosanct and until he chose to change it, there was nothing the Association could do about it. In the event Pat Horan did not relent and Brian O’Meara missed the All-Ireland.

While on this particular match, I want to refer to a column by Liam Griffin in the Sunday Tribune around this time. In the course of it he referred to the choice of referees for the All-Ireland quarter- and semi-finals in which Wexford were involved. The two referees, Michael Wadding of Waterford and Pat O’Connor of Limerick, according to Griffin could, by virtue of being Munster men, be biased in favour of Limerick and Tipperary. Ironically Wexford got a Leinster referee, Pat Horan of Offaly, for the replay and we all know what happened! I’m disinclined to believe that referees at this level, or at any level for that matter, follow a partisan line on the field of play.

But there’s also a lighter side to refereeing. A larger-than-life character, Philly Ryan of Borrisileigh, used to referee in the fifties of the last century. There are many stories told about him, many of them more than likely apocryphal. He was a serious referee, who claimed never to have read the rule book! For him the job was a matter of using your head and commonsense. One of the many stories told is alleged to have happened in a game between Knockshegowna and Kildangan. A Knochshie player complained to Philly about the attentions of his opponent. Philly told him he had something in his hand to defend himself. Later in the game the player clobbered his opponent and was sent off. ‘But,’ he protested to Philly as he left the field, ‘you told me to defend myself.’ ‘Yes! replied Philly, ‘I’m sending you off for your own protection! You didn’t hit him hard enough. He’s going to get up and kill you!’

John Moloney was in charge of the Munster football final between Cork and Kerry in the newly reconstructed Pairc Ui Chaoimh in 1976. The game ended in a draw and in the replay, at the same venue, Cork, leading by seven points, looked likely winners with twelve minutes to go. Then Kerry got a goal Cork claimed they didn’t deserve and Cork were disallowed one at the other end. The match ended in a draw and Kerry won in extra time. The Cork supporters blamed the referee for the defeat. It was the time Bishop Casey had been promoted to Galway and the Kerry see hadn’t yet been filled. John Moloney got a series of letters and cards from irate Cork supporters telling him he should become the next Bishop of Kerry! He still treasures some of the communications.

I suppose one of the great stories of refereeing is quite recent. It happened during a West championship game. The referee, who is well-known in the division, got a call on his mobile phone during the game. He duly stopped the game, as car drivers are recommended to do on the road, and took his call. When he was finished he re-started the game and took a blind bit of notice of nobody! I suppose you could call it keeping up with the times and an indication that referees are capable of adapting to the latest technology!

Poets or songwriters have hardly touched on the subject of refereeing but I recall the words of a song that did include a reference. Billy Cotton and his band used to play it back in the fifties of the last century:


Oh! oh, what a referee!

And his little wooden whistle

Wouldn’t whistle

 

 

<span class="postTitle">Credit Unions County Senior Hurling Championship 2000</span> Tipperary GAA YearBook 2001 pp 93-95

Credit Unions County Senior Hurling Championship 2000

Tipperary GAA YearBook 2001 pp 93-95

 

Toomevara won their second hattrick of county senior hurling titles in eight years when they defeated Thurles Sarsfields in the final at Semple Stadium by 2-10 to 0-11 on October 15. In doing so they added the first title of the new century to the last one of the old to emulate the achievement of the parish of Moycarkey-Borris, who did the sameone hundred years earlier albeit with two different clubs, Horse and Jockey in 1899 and Two-Mile-Borris in 1900.

Toomevara's victory was richly deserved and their superiority on the day was much greater than a margin of five points. They played with tremendous composure, went about the task in hand with a cool competence and were never at any time significantly threatened.

Thurles Sarsfields did not really perform to their potential on the day and came no way near the impressive performance they produced against Cappawhite in the replayed semi-final.

In fact Sarsfields had played spectacular hurling during the year and none more so than in the mid final. In a very impressive display, especially from a forward line which got vintage performances from Ger O'Grady, Eddie Enright and Lar Corbett, the Blues defeated Loughmore-Castleiney by 1-20 to 3-11 in an exciting final at Semple Stadium on August 27.

On the same day at Clonmel Carrick Swans broke a ten year barren spell when defeating Ballingarry by 1-11 to 1-10 in the south final. Down four points eight minutes into the second half they received a heavy blow with the dismissal of defender, John Brophy. However, they regrouped, rose magnificently to the challenge and had a point to spare when the final whistle sounded. 

A week earlier the west final between Cappawhite and Kickhams was played at Golden. Kickhams were defending their title and Cappawhite were looking for their first since 1987. They gave a brilliant display in the first half and led by ten points at the interval. In the second half they withstood the best efforts of Kickhams and ended their thirteen year famine by the convincing margin of ten points on a scoreline of 3-17 to 1-13.

The north final, between Toomevara and Moneygall, was the last of the four divisional finals and was played at Nenagh on September 9. In a game that failed to live up to its promise, the vastly experienced county champions proved too good for the young emerging hurlers of Moneygall. In the end the margin of victory was nine points on a scoreline of 3-13 to 1-10.


QUARTER-FINALS

Two quarter-finals were played at Semple Stadium on September 9. The Kickhams-Carrick Swans encounter produced a deluge of goals. Kickhams got four of these in a period of eight minutes between the eleventh and the eighteenth minutes . Before this onslaught Carrick led by four points to one against the wind. However, they recovered well and the sides were level,
4-3 to 2-9 at the interval. The game was won and lost in the third quarter. During this period Kickhams scored seven unanswered points from which Carrick never recovered and that was the margin of victory , 5-11 to 2-13, at the final whistle.

On their performance in the second game Cappawhite just about deserved to beat Ballingarry. They dominated the first quarter, leading by 1-7 to 0-2 at the end of it and although Ballingarry recovered somewhat, were still in front by 1-11 to 0-7 at the interval. Cappawhite then fell asleep for the opening twenty minutes of the second half. During this time Ballingarry drew level and went ahead by a point. In danger of defeat Cappawhite recovered with a goal by substitute, Sean ONeill, in the twenty second minute. They followed up with a point to put a goal between the sides. In the remaining minutes Ballingarry scored twice and Cappawhite once to give the relieved west team a two-points margin of victory on a scoreline of 2-15 to 1-16 .

The remaining two quarter-finals were played on the weekend of September 16/17. Toomevara and Loughmore- Castleiney clashed in the Ragg on Saturday. The mid runners-up tore into the game and had they got the breaks the result might have been close to scoring goals. Toomevara recovered and a goal by Paddy O'Brien in the twenty sixth minute set them up for a half-time lead of 1-6 to 0-3. They copper-fastened their lead with a Michael O'Meara goal three minutes into the second-half and by the end of the third quarter they led by 2-8 to 0-5. Loughmore-Castleiney recovered with a Ned Ryan goal followed by two points to reduce the deficit to four points. But then, as if sensing danger, Paddy O'Brien collected about fifty yards out, raced through a static Loughmore-Castleiney defence to score his second goal and set Toomevara up for victory. In the end they won by 3-12 to 2-7.

The last of the quarter-finals was played at Templemore on Sunday., September 17th. Thurles Sarsfields continued to impress with a vigorous performance against Moneygall. The mid champions got off to a flying start and had 1-3 on the board after seven minutes.

Moneygall recovered in the second quarter and were only a goal in arrears at the interval. In very wet conditions Thurles dominated the third quarter and left no doubt as to the eventual outcome. Any time Moneygall scored Thurles responded and at the final whistle they had a six-point margin on a scoreline of 1-19 to 0-16.

SEMI-FINALS

The two semi-finals were played at Thurles on October 1. First into the fray were Toomevara and Kickhams. Toomevara got off to a smooth start against the breeze and were three points in the lead after five minutes. It seemed as if predictions were on their way to fulfilment. But then Kickhams blasted these predictions out the window with a barrage of three goals. The first by Vincent Kelly was disallowed but two by Richard Horgan and Paul Morrissey put Kickhams into a 2-1 to 0-3 lead after twelve minutes. Unfortunately for Kickhams they didn't build on the scores and Paddy O'Brien's accuracy from frees ensured that Toomevara recovered to lead by 0-11 to 2-4 at the interval. The third quarter was crucial. During this period Toomevara scored 1-6 while Kickhams failed to raise a flag. In the final quarter Kickhams tried hard for the goal that never came and Toomevara were comfortably in front by 1-17 to 2-7 at the final whistle.


The second semi-final was a game that Cappawhite should have won but were lucky to draw in the end. It tooka Eugene O'Neill point from a free six minutes into injury time to level the match and give them a second chance against Thurles Sarsfields. But, they should never have found themselves in that situation. Playing with a strong breeze in the first half they opened up a 0-10 to 0-4 lead at the interval which seemed substantial enough in poor scoring conditions. The game remained close during the third quarter during which Sarsfields reduced their deficit to four points. The decisive score came in the eighteenth minute when Matty Dowd scored a fortuitous goal as the ball skidded into the Cappawhite net. The goal gave a mighty lift to Thurles and Cappawhite were put very much on the defensive. In the closing minutes Thurles drew level and went a point ahead before O'Neill got the equalizer for Cappawhite. The final score was 1 -10 to 0- 1 3.

The replay was a week later at the same venue. While Cappawhite had played out of their skins in the drawn game it was Sarsfields who turned on the style in the replay. In fact they were such a transformed side they made Cappawhite look pedestrian. They weren't in the same class as the Thurles men and struggled all over the field to find any kind of fluency. Sarsfields raced into the lead in the opening half and were twelve points to three in front after twenty-seven minutes. Cappawhite rallied during the remaining minutes to score four points to Sarsfields' one and  leave the half-time score 0-13 to 0-7.

Sarsfields started the second half with three points. Then Cappawhite had a goal from John Ryan after four minutes and there was hope that it might spark a revival. Such was not to be the case. Cappawhite could make no inroads into Sarsfields lead and as the game progressed the chances of a recovery looked less and less possible. In the end Sarsfields went home impressive winners by 1-24 to 1-13 and raised their hopes for the encounter with Toomevara.


CREDIT UNIONS COUNTY FINAL

The final was a very attractive fixture. The sides hadn't met in a final since 1992 when they drew and Toomevara won the replay. In fact during the years 1992 to 1996 Toomevara had won five encounters between the sides. The 1992 victory had set Toomevara on their way to dominating the county championship during the nineties. They were going for their third-in-a -row, their second such achievement during the period. The odds seemed stacked in their favour. In their games to the final, they showed a zest and a freshness which indicated that winning hadn't interfered with their hunger for victory.

Their side had been strengthened by the introduction of a few fast and skillful forwards like the O'Briens , Bevans, McGrath and Cummins. At the other end they had a very skillful player in
Brendan Dunne.

On the Sarsfields side there was hope. Their great performance against Cappawhite in the replayed semi-final was enough to foster such hope. Some of their players, like Gary Mernagh and Brendan Carroll, had stepped up their performances. In the forward line they had players like Larry Corbett, Ger O'Grady and Matty Dowd to match the best of Toomevara. They also had the experience and commitment of Tommy Maher, Catha! McIntyre and the two Enrights. They had a good blend , some fine performances to prove their credentials and a great hunger to break a barren spell stretching back to 1974. On top of everything they had a manager of experience and achievement in Paddy Doyle.

However, it's the day that counts and all the predictions cannot forecast how players and teams perform on the day. In this case Sarsfields did not perform. They struggled during the hour to get the rhythm going. The smart performances they gave on the way to the final were somehow left behind. The individual performances which had been a highlight of their previous games were not delivered. Anything they achieved on the day was done with too much effort and energy. They scored eleven points in the hour, five of these in the last ten minutes when Toomevara were a man short, which contrasted with an average of almost twenty points for the seven championship games to the final.

In contrast Toomevara were calm, cool and collected, above all efficient. They came into the game without Eoin Brislane, who was hospitalised on the morning of the match, and Paul McGrath, who was sidelined with a broken thumb. They lost Rory Brislane and Tommy Dunne in the course of the second half. And yet they had five points to spare at the final whistle. They were, above all else, composed. They were there to do a task and didn't allow the occasion to get to them. They set about winning as they had done in their previous games, doing everything simply, quickly and well. They had all the answers and their victory sets them off at a standard above the rest in the county.

An attendance of 8,500 at Semple Stadium on October 15 were treated to a game which fell far short of expectations.  Toomevara opened the scoring with a point but Thurles had a great chance of a goal in the seventh minute. Three minutes later John O'Brien scored a goal for Toomevara from a pass from his brother, Paddy. At the end of the first quarter Toomevara were ahead by 1-3 to 0-2. They continued to dominate the second quarter and were in front by 1-6 to 0-2 after twenty-two minutes.  Sarsfields were doing a lot of attacking but getting nowhere against a superb Toomevara defence, especially the inner line of George Frend, Rory Brislane and Brendan Dunne. However, in the remaining minutes they came more into the game, scoring three points to one from Toomevara, to leave the half-time score 1-7 to 0-5.

The score did not adequately reflect Toomevara 's superiority. They were playing the better hurling, making the more effective moves. They were very good at touching the ball away from their opponents, advancing it twenty or third yards with deft touches, when they couldn't get in a full stroke. Overall, they were the more skillful combination.

Whereas the first half was incident free, the second half saw no less than three players get red cards. Referee, Willie Barrett, saw fit to give Tommy Dunne his marching orders ten minutes into the second half as a result of a melee. Five minutes later Sarsfields' Tom Ryan got his red card as a result of a charge on his opponent. And, in the twenty-first minute, Rory Brislane, the Toomevara full-back, got his marching orders as a result of a second yellow card. Three sending-offs might suggest a dirty game but that would be far from the truth. Whereas the game was niggling in spots, the sending-off offences were isolated incidents.

Sarsfields did not continue their revival in the second half. John O'Brien almost had a Toomevara goal in the third minute but was foiled by an alert Ciaran Carroll. Three minutes later O'Brien scored on his second chance to put Toomevara 2-7 to 0-6 in front. The next ten minutes were scrappy as three players got their marching orders. Sarsfields came more into the game and began to run at the Toomevara backs. With five minutes to go they had reduced the deficit to four points. Try as they might they couldn't get the goal they required. During these final minutes Paddy O'Brien scored a point to give Toomevara their 2-10 to 0-11 victory.

And so Toomevara proved once again that they were the strongest club in the county, with a fine blend of youth and age. They were very well prepared and completely focused on what they were doing. On the other hand Thurles Sarsfields were left to regret their failure to do justice to themselves or to deliver the kind of performance they showed themselves capable of in earlier games.

Scored for Toomevara: John O' Brien 2-1; Paddy O'Brien 0-7; Ken Dunne, Tommy Dunne , 0-1 each. 

Scorers for ThurLes Sarsfields: J. Enright 0-4; E. Enright 0-2; Brendan Carroll, Connie Maher, Ger O'Grady, Larry Corbett, Stephen Mason 0-1 each.

Toomevara: John Cottrell, George Frend, Rory Brislane, Brendan Dunne, Philip Shanahan, Tony Delaney, Brian Duff, Terry Dunne (captain ), Padraig Hackett, Ken Dunne, Kevin Cummins, Paddy O'Brien, Mark Bevans, Tommy Dunne, John O'Brien. Sub: Michael O'Meara for Kevin Cummins.

Thurles Sarsfields: Ciaran Carroll, Brian O'Grady , Tommy Maher, Gary Mernagh, Pat Treacy, Seamus O'Shea, Cathal McIntyre , Brendan Carroll (captain), Tom Ryan, Larry Corbett, Eddie Enright, Matthew O'Dowd, Ger O'Grady, Johnny Enright , Connie Maher. Subs: Stephen Mason for Connie Maher, Tony Ruth for Matty O'Dowd.

Man of the Match Award: John O'Brien (Toomevara).
Referee: Willie Barrett (Ardfinnan).

 


Results at a glance:

County final: Semple Stadium, October 15, 2000.
Toomevara 2-10 Thurles Sarsfields  0-11
Referee: Willie Barrett (Ardfinnan).

County semi-final replay: Oct. 8, 2000.
Thurles Sarsfields 1-24 Cappawhite 1-13
Referee : Michael Cahill (Kilruane MacDonaghs).

County semi-finals: Semple Stadium, October 1, 2000.
Toomevara  1-17  Kickhams 2-7
Referee: Tom Lonergan (Kilsheelan).

Thurles Sarsfields  1-10 Cappawhite 0-13
Referee: Michael Cahill (Kilruane MacDonaghs).


County quarter-final: Templemore , September 17, 2000.
Thurles Sarsfields 1-19 Moneygall 0-16
Referee: John Ryan (Cashel King Cormacs).

County quarter-final: The Ragg, September 16, 2000.
Toomevara 3-12 Loughmore-Castleiney 2-7
Referee: Willie Barrett (Ardfinnan ).

County quarter-finals: Semple Stadium, September 9, 2000.
Cappawhite 2-15 Ballingarry  1-16
Referee: Willie Clohessy (Drom Inch).
Kickhams 5-11 Carrick Swans 2-13
Referee: John Collins (Templederry).

 

<span class="postTitle">Recent G.A.A. Publications - 2000</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2001, pp 127-128

Recent G.A.A. Publications - 2000

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2001, pp 127-128

 

Quite a number of books on G.A.A. matters appeared during the year or will be appearing in the near future. Two of the latter, which are scheduled to appear in the Spring, are divisional histories. J.J. Kennedy has been working for some years on the history of the west division and the book is near set to go to the printers. 

It will include about 600 pages and there's a preview of it elsewhere in this book. I am completing the history of the north division and it is hoped to have it published next March. It will also be an extensive work. These will be very valuable works and fill a niche in the county collection of G.A.A. books. The other divisions are partly catered for. Michael Dundon brought out a short history of the mid division in 1984 and Michael O'Meara's south convention handbook last December included an extensive list of previous board officers, scór winners, gate receipts and championship results. Both are important reference sources. 

Three Club Histories

On the club front the past year saw the publication of three club histories. In July the history of the G.A.A. in Drangan and Cloneen, 1885-2000 was launched in the Community Hall, Cloneen. Produced by a history committee and written by Eamon Hall, it is an invaluable reference work on the history of the club. Attractively produced in A4 size and containing 240 pages, it is written on good quality paper, has a fine selection of photographs and is great value for £10. 

Early in November Emly brought out their club history called "Parish of Emly - History of Gaelic Games and Athletics" edited by Michael O'Dwyer, who published the "History of Emly" some years back. Emly was originally a hurling place and one of its early stalwarts was Jack Raleigh, who played with the famous Greyhounds. An early administrator was Johnny Hennessy, who is reputed to have scored a point from a puckout on one occasion. Another famous Emly man was Jim Mitchel, a great athlete, who held the world record in the hammer event. He remained in the U.S. after the 1888 "Invasion" and travelled to Athens for the Olympics. On his way he hurt his shoulder and couldn't perform so he reported the games for an American newspaper. For more, buy the book, which contains over 300 pages and is in hardback, for £15. 

The third club history is called "Inane Rovers Gaelic Football Club - 50th Anniversary" and it was launched by Michael Frawley, Chairman of Football Board at Grant's Hotel, Roscrea on December 1. For half a century Inane have been ploughing a lone football furrow in the north division and this book celebrates their achievements. The book contains 124 pages, includes over 80 photographs, sells at the giveaway price of £5 and is written as a labour of love by Ciaran MacNicolas. 

Two-Mile-Borris celebrated the All-Ireland hurling winners of 1900 during the year. The club erected a monument to the men in the heart of the village and G.A.A. President, Sean McCague, came to unveil it. In conjunction with the celebrations Jimmy Fogarty produced a souvenir history which gives an account of the lives and times of these heroes from 1885-1920. Containing 76 pages it's available for £5 and is an important complement to the Moycarkey-Borris club history, which was published in 1984. 

Tipperary's G.A.A. Ballads

In a totally different field is a book called "Tipperary's G.A.A. Ballads" which was launched in the Sarsfields Social Centre, Thurles, on November 25. Containing over 700 pages it includes the ballads, poems and recitations of the G.A.A. in the county since the Association was founded in 1884 and even some from before that date. It was produced by the Millennium Committee as a Millennium project and is chiefly the work of Liam Ó Donnchu, Jimmy Smith, who did the same a few years ago for Clare with "Ballads of the Banner", and myself. I cannot emphasise too much the importance of this publication. Never before has this material been collected and it is now preserved for posterity. Published for £10 it's a steal at the price and should be in every home in Tipperary alongside Knocknagow and other bibles of the county. 

An interesting development in programme production this year was the inclusion of players' townslands and town areas in this year's county final program. 'No man will love his land or race, who has no pride in his native place'. 

Other Publications

Another major work launched during the year was "A History of Gaelic Football". Written by former Galway All-Ireland football star, Jack Mahon, it traces the history of the game from the beginning up to the present. Mahon has a large number of G.A.A. publications to his credit and this is his magnus opus. Published by Gill and MacMillan and retailing at £20, it will long be the main reference book on Gaelic football. 

Blackwater Press brought out "Hurling Heroes" by Eddie Keher at a launch in K'ilkenny in November. In this book Keher profiles fourteen hurling "greats". His choice is interesting and in some cases unusual. There's a strong Tipperary presence in the book with Jimmy Doyle, Pat Fox and Len Gaynor profiled. Another player and manager profiled with strong Tipperary connections is Michael O'Grady. The other "greats" included are Tom Cheasty, Joe Cooney, Ray Cummins, Tony Doran, Pat Hartigan, Fan Larkin, Ger Loughnane, Paddy Molloy, Noel Skehan and Tom Walsh. The book sells for £10. 

Also from Kilkenny is "The Kilkenny G.A.A. Bible", a comprehensive collection of Kilkenny and National G.A.A. records since 1887. It's a Millennium production of the Kilkenny GAA. Yearbook Committee. Almost 200 pages long it is a magnificent reference book and sells for £5. 

A similar kind of book but doing the same thing for the province of Leinster is "Comhairle Laighean 1900-2000 Cead Bliain de Chluichi Gaelacha". Published by the Leinster Council and printed by the Kilkenny People it sells for £10 and is the reference for anyone interested in Leinster Council records. 

Finally, the Munster G.AA History is being updated. First published in 1984, the updated volume will take the story up to 2000. It will include corrections to the first volume and new material on areas of G.A.A. activity not covered in 1984. It will also include a comprehensive bibliography of G.A.A. books published in Munster. It is due for publication in March and will probably retail at £10.

 

<span class="postTitle">Rockwell College 1920-1921</span> Rockwell College Annual 2000-2001, pp 148-151

Rockwell College 1920-1921

Rockwell College Annual 2000-2001, pp 148-151

 

The War of Independence impinged on life in Rockwell College in a major way during the period September 1920 to June 1921. The first entry in the College Journal to mention the subject appears on September 12th. According to it, one of the lay teachers, Seamus O'Neill, was arrested by the military near Blackcastle, Rosegreen. Reports varied as to what work was afoot there. One report stated it was an "Arbitration Court" of Sinn Fein. Another version was that it was a sort of Volunteers Manoeuvres. The writer goes on to give his own version: "The truth seems to be that it was a meeting of the Chief Volunteer officers of Munster." He adds a rider, "O'Neill, when taken on the staff after his previous imprisonment, had given the Superior in writing a pledge not to take part in any such proceedings." The teacher in question, known as the "Professor", was born in 1892 and was one of the Clonmel group involved in the Easter Rising of 1916. He was arrested in Rockwell in 1916 and on two later occasions because of his Sinn Fein involvement. He spent a term in Frongoch in Wales. He later joined the Garda Siochana and became a superintendent, serving in many places, including Galway. His son, Niall, was Principal of the Vocational School in Clonmel. He died in 1974. 

Eight days after, September 20th, the College was raided. A Flying Column of Lancers, numbering from 60 to 1OO, raided the College. The raid lasted' an hour. There were about half a dozen officers. The Commanding Officer, Captain de Burgh, was very courteous to the Superior, assuring him that his only objective was to searc;h Mr. O'Neill's room and that he had no intention of disturbing any of the Fathers. On their arrival, they put pickets along the main avenue and at the main principal entrances. There were three main search parties, one going to the Infirmary, another to the Rock and boat house and third to O'Neill's room and the Fathers' Corridor. A number of places were ransacked. The proceeds of the raids were two Irish Volunteer Drill Manuals which were found under 0'Neill's mattress, as well as Fr. Colgan's fowling piece and the farmyard gun, both found in Fr. Colgan's room and removed, although he had a permit for the former. 

On September 28th, the military broke into Carrigeen in the early hours of the morning and searched it. They also woke up the brothers Hennessy on Rockwell Hill but did not search their cottage. They were searching for a man "on the run". 

In the middle of October, it is reported that shooting was heard in the direction of New Inn. On the 17th of the month, a collection was made at the door of the Chapel during the People's Mass in aid of the fund for the Belfast expelled workers. £8 was realised. There are two interesting entries for October 25th. "The War in Wexford" by H. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley was begun as reading during dinner in the Community Refectory. Also the death of Terence McSwiney was recorded. 

The entry for October 28th reports on the ambush near Thomastown in which three soldiers were killed and five wounded. The writer adds, "That will bring reprisals fairly close to us. Some did take place in Golden and later on in Tipperary." The following day it is reported that there was Solemn Mass for the repose of the soul of Terence McSwiney. On November 3rd, five Rockwell priests went to New Inn for a Solemn Requiem for "young Murphy, a hunger striker, who died in Cork gaol." 

There is a lull in activities until December 19th when it is reported that a military lorry came a little way up the back avenue about 4.25 p.m. There was no Midnight Mass on December 24th owing to the disturbed state of the country. However, all was not gloom. The entry tells us that on Christmas Day after dinner, the Community had coffee vieux style in the parlour and some songs." 

The entry for December 30th informs us that on that morning, it was found that two double trenches had been cut on Rockwell Bridge. They were filled in during the course of the day. It was reported in the middle of January that a tree was felled near the front gate, "seemingly in connection with an attack on New Inn Barracks that night." Two days later there were sounds of firing and some loud explosions heard from the Golden side. There was no morning post on January 24th, "owing to the roads being trenched between Cashel and Goulds Cross." A week later, we are told that "two of our trees were found felled blocking the road near the front gates." 

On February 18th, Rockwell Bridge was again found trenched. "Mr. Folker, C. O. Cashel, called on the Superior and commandeered some of our workmen to fill in the trenches." The following day, the entry reads, "For some time past, owing to the state of the times, no mail car has been running between Cashel and Goulds Cross. This has led to the disorganising of our postal service." On March 5th news came of a Black and Tan having been shot in Cashel the previous night. "The town is in consternation, apprehending reprisals. The Officer, however, held his men well in hand." 

Cycling became a subversive activity as an entry on May 1st suggest. "A proclamation forbids cycling without a permit in the Cashel Inspectorate." Earlier it had been reported that Condon, the tailor Brother's assistant, had been arrested in Tipperary for riding a bicycle after 8 p.m. He had to pay £2 to redeem his machine. On May 5th very heavy firing was heard about 9.30 p.m. in the direction of New Inn. There was no post or papers on May 7th, owing to the blocking of the G.S.W.R. line by the destruction of the bridge spanning the line at Holy Cross. About a week later, it is reported that "Grogan, a neighbouring farmer, had his house at Shanballagh destroyed as an official reprisal." 

The College was the centre of activity once again in June. On June 8th, it was reported that during dinner time, some fifty of the Crown Forces came and made a perfunctory search of the College. They contented themselves with passing through the Boys' Dining Room, the parlour building and the Fathers' Corridor. Most of the troops remained outside. Two officers requested the Superior to sign a certificate that nothing in the house had been damaged or stolen. Later on, when the troops had gone, it transpired that at the Calvary under the Rock, the statues of the Blessed Virgin and St. John had been shattered. There was a Black and Tan picketed there and he seemed to be the worse for drink. The Superior wrote, reporting the matter to the C.O. Tipperary. The raid lasted about half an hour. 

A week later, a convoy of military lorries commandeered "some of our goal posts to help them get over the damaged Rockwell Bridge." They restored the posts. On June 21st, during the Annual Retreat for the Community, the Crown military forces encamped for the night on the Scholastics' playing field. That night, the LR.A. and the Crown Forces had an exchange of shorts at Garranlea. This is the last mention of the political disturbances. The Truce came into effect on July 11th. 

In spite of all the disturbances the College's academic year began on September 6th. The railway strike in the west made it hard for some of the boys to return. Some had to pay as much as £10 to motor over from neighbouring counties. The Staff was much the same as the previous year. The Community included Fathers Muller, Schmidt, Colgan, McGrath, Kingston, O'Neill, Meagher, Egan, Meyer, Leen, McAllister and McCarthy. 

There were three Fathers who were not on the teaching staff, the Superior, Fr. Byrne, and Fathers Cotter and Walshe. The Prefects (C.S.Sp.) included Rev. Messrs. McCarthy, Finnegan, Mansfield, Liston, Maguire, Neville, McGree and Foley. The lay teachers were Messrs. Ryan, Harte, O'Neill, Gallagher and Twomey. The Brothers were the same as the previous year with the exception of Brother Virgilius who had died. Brother Malachy's post as Parlour Brother was to be shared by Brother Canice and a servant. The total number of boys was 150 with the Junior Scholastics numbering 41. 

This was the year of the "Bleeding Statues" in Templemore. Fr. Leen went to the town to investigate. His conclusions are interesting. "While he was deeply impressed by the faith displayed by the people, and while testifying to the presence on the statues of what seemed to be dried blood, he reserved judgement as to the nature and origin of the phenomenon." He was correct in his reservations. An entry the following May reads, "In connection with the 'Bleeding Statues' of Templemore, the Archbishop got from the boy, Walsh, a signed confession, acknowledging that it had all been an imposture." 

Classes began on September 7th with six 10-minute classes between 2 and 3 p.m. There was a half-day on the following day. There was a free day for the Intermediate Prize List on September 13th. Because of the disturbed times, there was no walk. Rockwell won fourteen distinctions - three Exhibitions, 8 prizes, 1 Medal and 2 Composition Prizes." The Boys' Retreat began two days later and lasted four days. A free day followed and the boys went for a picnic to the Rock of Cashel. After tea that evening, they had a soiree. 

There is an unusual entry for September 26th. "At 9.30 twenty-eight boys ran away. Four of them returned in a few hours. The Dean, Fr. Leen, overtook them near Dundrum but failed to induce them to come back. Five leaders were definitely excluded while the others were back within a fortnight. Their flight seemed to be due to the idea that we should have a week's cessation of work to show our sympathy with the Lord Mayor of Cork, who is dying of hunger in Brixton gaol." There is a report on October 7th which has this to say. "Most of the runaways back. E. Hickey was sent to Blackrock. He was not a runaway, but seems to have incited the others to go." It is reported later that two boys ran away on January 30th. 

The Christmas exams ended at 11.30 a.m. on December 16th. The results were read to the boys at 8 p.m. that evening and they left for their vacation on the following day. On Ash Wednesday, which fell on February 9th, the boys went for a walk to Knockgraffon. The College was visited by an Inspector on May 2nd. A Mr. Ensor inspected the English, Classical and Modern Language classes. There were three cases of mumps among the Scholastics on May 6th. They were isolated in a new ward over the Bursar's Room. There was a fresh case on the 17th and three further cases on the 23rd. On June 7th, Mr. Nicholls of the Intermediate Board inspected the Irish and Mathematical Classes. A week later, we read that "the boys packed their trunks". The day after, about eighty boys went home, leaving a similar number behind for the Intermediate Examination. 

There is not a great amount about games during the year. On November 21st, the first team played and beat Cahir at Gaelic football. On December 8th, which was a free day, the Juniors beat the Dayboys at football. On January 30th, the Seniors beat the Scholastics at hurling. On April 13th, the boys began a· series of medal matches in hurling. There are a number of further references to medal matches but no mention of contests with other schools. The winners of the Competition had a special spread at dinner on June 12th, after which the Superior distributed the medals and addressed a few words to the players. The boys had their first swim on June 3rd. 

There were a number of celebrations during the year. On October 4th, there was coffee in the refectory after dinner to celebrate the new interim grant from the Intermediate Board. The grant worked out at some £37 per head for every qualified teacher, clerical and lay. They had more coffee the following day, in honour of a visitor. However, it was a mixed blessing "to have fifteen of us confined for an hour in our stuffy refectory." On November 18th, the sugar supply ran out owing to difficulties of railway transport. Gavin Duffy's "Life of Davis" was the reading at dinner in January. A supply of Wolfhill coal was received on February 7th. It was rather hard to kindle. Fr. Michael O'Shea's legacy of £500 for Masses was a welcome present on February 8th. On March 27th, there was coffee in the parlour after dinner and Fr. Egan upheld the thesis that "Ireland is not a nation." 

There was very bad weather in September and October. There are a number of references to gales and downpours. There was a stamp crisis in October. The old system was that all letters were given to the Bursar for stamping. According to the Journal entry, this was open to abuse by persons not belonging to the Community. Under the new system, the members of the Community had to apply to the Bursar for a supply of stamps and had to stamp their own letters. During the same month, an attempt was being made to have the prayers said in Irish. On October 9th, it is reported that a vaporised petrol lamp, known as a Quick-Lite, was tried in the Quadrangle and was a great success. It had been in use in the Lake House for the previous month. On April 3rd, we read that Rockwell adheres to true Greenwich time, which is 25 minutes behind Greenwich. 

There is a fascinating entry for April 26th. "A postulant, Cummins, either sleepwalking or delirious, clambered out of the upper Infirmary windows, and fell on the concrete walk at the cellar door. Save for bruised heels, he was uninjured." We are given more information the following day. He was diagnosed as having scarlatina and was transferred to Cashel Hospital. "The infection seems to have come through Mrs. Quinn, one of our milkers, so she was ordered to cease milking for the present." 

 

<span class="postTitle">Jim 'Jumbo' Ryan</span> Program for Cashel King Cormac's Benefit Night at Thurles Greyhound Track, August 8, 2000.

Jim 'Jumbo' Ryan

Program for Cashel King Cormac's Benefit Night at Thurles Greyhound Track, August 8, 2000.

 

Jim, mostly known as Jumbo, Ryan is big, not only in stature but in the greyhound world as well. He believes he must have been a big baby because he’s been called Jumbo as long as he can remember. In fact, so used is he to the name that when he was in the U.S. and was occasionally called Jim, he wouldn’t answer to the name.

A native of the Commons, Cashel he was actually born in Hill House, Cashel which was a nursing home at the time, run by Nurse Rouse. Significantly, he is now living in Bohermore, virtually in the shadow of the house where he first saw the light of day in May 1934.

The family nickname was ‘Jilly’, to differentiate them from all the other Ryans and his father’s people came from Cloneyross, Drombane. The father’s name was Mattie, a farmer, with an interest in dogs. According to Jumbo he made good money out of them ‘when a £ was worth a £.’ He won the Irish Plate at Clounanna about 1943 with Cloneyross Lass.

Jumbo was the third of four boys. Tommy was the eldest and continues to farm the home place. Mickey also lives in the Commons. The fourth boy, Mattie, lives in Lagganstown. The boys played hurling with the Cashel King Cormac’s. Jumbo won west minor medals in 1949 and 1952 and was on the junior hurling team which won the 1953 county final. Mickey was also on the team and Mattie was on the panel. He also played senior football with Rockwell Rovers.

Jumbo grew up with greyhounds. He recalls a daily chore after school of walking the dogs three miles daily. Life was tough and he learned to work hard, which stood him good stead later. But there were relaxations. Pheasant and duck shooting and helping out the local coursing club for their two-day annual meet were enjoyed. ‘I found the hare drives very exciting. To be among sixty or more beaters was great. It was all good, healthy outdoor exercise and great fun.’

He remembers begging his parents for permission to see his first film in 1949 at the Rock Cinema in Cashel. Part of the show was a screen account of the Tipperary-Laois All-Ireland, which Tipperary won by 3-11 to 0-3. Prominent on the Tipperary panel was local hero and super star, Jim Devitt.


Minnesota

He decided to emigrate in 1959 and the place he chose was St. Paul, the twin city of Minneapolis in Minnesota. There was reason for his choice of destination. A shooting buddy, Joe Gould of Rosegreen, was going there and he went along. They later sponsored two friends to follow them.

His first job was in the Northland Ski Company that manufactured snow skis, toboggans, ice-hockey sticks, snow shoes, etc. He worked as a dispatcher. The skis from this place went all over the U.S. Most of the brand names in skis and toboggans originated here. People who bought expensive brands believed they were getting specially made skis whereas all they were getting was a conveyor-belt production with the brand name stuck on. Some of the skis he despatched were used in the winter Olympics at Squaw Valley, California in 1960 by the United States Olympic team.

His next job was also far-removed from farming and greyhounds. He got a job in a factory which made parts for aircraft and worked in this from 1960 to 1972. He made impellers for planes and the only greyhound he saw during this time was one being shipped through Minneapolis airport.

It wasn’t all work. While in Minnesota he started a hurling team. The Cashel King Cormac’s club presented him with a set of jerseys and socks, supplied by E.D. Ryan of Friar Street. When he was returning to Ireland he brought back the jerseys and presented them to Cashel C.B.S. He recalled a game he played in Chicago: ‘Can you imagine driving a 900 miles round trip, play a game in ninety degree heat and be back for a 6 am start at work on Monday morning.’

He also looked after other important matters. He had met Aggie Grant from Bank Place, Cashel, who worked as a nurse in the Miller Hospital, St. Paul, and they got married on Independence Day, 1964. The ‘Miller’ name was to have further significance.

The married couple retired back to Ireland in 1972 and it was to be the first of three retirements! Jumbo had done well in Minnesota but the cold was severe in the winter.

They bought Pine Lodge from Pat Dalton, a house with fifteen acres on the Old Road. It was called Pine Lodge after a horse which won money for Jumbo at 11/1. Here he went into breeding and training in what came to be known as the Minnesota Kennels.

His first bitch was Letesia, which he bought in Scotland for £40. He knew this bitch for some time as it had been owned by his brother, Mickey. It had made the top price of £525 at the Shelbourne sales. Jumbo had been on the lookout for her after he decided to come back to Ireland and go into breeding. She cost £40 as a brood bitch.


Waterloo Cup

The first litter of pups he ever produced was from Letesia and the sire was Bright Lad, which was owned by Mickey. One of the litter was called Minnesota Miller and it was to make Jumbo famous. Born in August 1973 the dog started racing during 1975 and coursing early in 1976. He won a few races on the track at Thurles but really made his name coursing. Between January 4 and February 13, 1976 Minnesota Miller won eighteen successive flags, including the Clarke Cup, the Blue Riband of Irish open coursing in Old Carton, Co. Meath, and the Waterloo Cup, the Blue Riband of English coursing.

He came back to win a 575 on the track at Thurles and then he featured in a triple dead heat for second place in a big stake at the same venue. Only three dogs could go forward and a draw was made for two of the three. Minnesota Miller was last out and Jumbo decided to retire him to stud. He was a good stud dog and produced, among others, an Irish Derby winner, Suir Miller, for his owners, Willie and Betty Flood of Laganstown.

A repeat mating of Letesia and Bright Lad produced, among others the equally famous, Minnesota Yank. It won the Waterloo Cup in 1977, the year after Minnesota Miller. It was the first Irish double to be registered in the event since Master McGrath achieved the feat in 1869. It was also the first time in the history of the classic that two full brothers had triumphed. Minnesota Yank was the first Waterloo winner to return and win a thirty-two all-age stake. In fact, he won two in succession.

Jumbo raced Minnesota Yank once after Waterloo and won at Mullingar. He then sold him to an English owner. At this time he was very busy, had too many dogs and was finding it difficult to carry on a training and a breeding program.

Jumbo hoped to win the Waterloo Cup for a third time in 1978. The dog he had in mind to achieve the treble was a litter brother of Yank, Minnesota Swank, who had been racing in the U.S. and was shipped back to Ireland for the cup. There was a great attraction in winning a treble in the classic. The cup was a very valuable gold trophy and would be won outright with the third victory. However, the Waterloo Cup wasn’t run in 1978 so he never got a chance. However, as he said ‘Two for two wasn’t too bad for a Rookie!’

He continued training and breeding in Pine Lodge for thirteen years. He was a very busy man, in great demand for breeding and training. He recalls having dogs racing at three different tracks on the same night. He had some faithful travelling companions to many meets, especially to Altcar for the Waterloo Cup. These were his brother, Mickey, Dick Walsh of Newinn and John Morrissey of Cashel. Older brother, Tommy, was a great help at local weekend meets. Life was good but he was on the go all the time and decided to retire for the second time, this time to Florida.

He sold out and went to Florida but he didn’t quite give up the dogs. He became an assistant to Pat Dalton, who kept two places with about seventy dogs in each. He prepared the dogs for races and continued to have a good eye for the right dog. One such was Spartan Sun, which he spotted in Pat Dalton’s kennel in Boston in 1985 and bought for $4,000 as a wedding anniversary present for his wife. Within two months he had won the $150,000 Wonderland Derby. Prior to that he had reached the final of the Wonderland Sprint Classic and, only for an error in the final, could have won that as well. It was a wonderful anniversary present even though Aggie had been a bit sceptical when he told her about it.

After thirteen years in Florida Jumbo and Aggie decided to retire again, this time to Ireland. Earlier they had bought a residence in Bohermore and came back there in 1997. It was about their fifteenth change of residence but he believes they are home to stay. As Jumbo reminisces on his years he can look back to major achievements, which include classic victories in three countries, and to a life full of incident and excitement. He can also be sure that wherever dogs are spoken of the names of Minnesota Miller and Minnesota Yank, as well as the bitch Letesia and the sire Bright Lad, not forgetting Spartan Sun, will be remembered.

 

 

<span class="postTitle">In the Cradle of the Gaelic Athletic Association - Games, Players and Cultural Influence</span> Talk given in Killenaule, July 7th, 2000

In the Cradle of the Gaelic Athletic Association - Games, Players and Cultural Influence

Talk given at The Slieveardagh Culture & Enterprise Centre, River Street, Killenaule, July 7th, 2000

 

The title of this lecture may be slightly grandiose and, perhaps, in need of a bit of explanation. The overall theme of the week is a retrospective look at the twentieth century in Tipperary and it is my brief to speak to you of the changes that have occurred in the Gaelic Athletic Association. Not being old enough to cover the entire century I have confined myself to the changes that have occurred since the Second World War.

The G.A.A. was formed at a time when Ireland had almost lost its collective identity. The people were reduced to isolated, helpless and alienated individuals, leading to a loss of pride and self-confidence, shame, worthlessness and self-hatred. In order to counteract this, Cusack realised that a sense of solidarity and a national identity had to be created.

The Association achieved three very different purposes. It encouraged local patriotism. It inculcated among its members an uncompromising hostility to foreign games and it revived local and national pride. It played a major part in the resurrection of the national spirit and it inspired the separatist ideal which led to 1916 and the War of Independence. It became a very successful movement, because, as you are well aware, it was concerned with much more than hurling and football matches. It embraced a much wider field. It was a distinct culture, a particular way of looking at things, a worldview that was unique.

The organisation considered itself a cornerstone of Irish society, equal in standing with other cornerstones like the Catholic Church and Fianna fail. Like them it claimed to be representative of the authentic Ireland, as the salt of the Irish earth, as the template of Irish nationality. It claims the allegiance of vast numbers and after winters of rugby and soccer internationals, thousands of followers return to the terraces and stands of G.A.A. stadia during the summer as if to a spiritual home. It is a reflection of the hold the organisation has on the minds and hearts of Irish people.

In the course of this talk I hope to reflect on the changes that have taken place and on where the organisation has changed over the past fifty years. But side by side with that change is much that has remained very much the same. One aspect of G.A.A. behaviour that has nor changed, for example, is time-keeping. Whereas today most major games begin on schedule, such is not the case in many lesser games. For some reason the G.A.A team finds it difficult to get to the field on time. Games are very often late starting. Referees are sometimes as late as the teams. When I was chairman of the west board a few years ago, I imposed fines on teams who were late for a fixture. And the excuses I was offered were most inventive: punctures, funerals, cows on the road, players delayed at work, etc. It interests me enormously how these same players, when they play soccer at 12 o’clock on Sundays during winter, are never late. The culture of that organisation does not tolerate lateness.

Why then is it the case with the G.A.A.? I suppose it could be described as a vestigial remains from early decades. Matches were invariably late starting in the fifties and with the endless stoppages allowed on the field of play, late finishing also. And, I suppose, that psychology of lateness was but a reflection of the wider society. Remember the priest used to be late for Mass. When I was serving in the late forties we had two young priests in the parish, Fr. O’Meara and Fr. Comerford, and a very old P.P., Canon Molony, who wasn’t too aufait with what was happening. These young priests found it impossible to make 9.30 Mass in Redwood in time. They lived in Rathcabbin and they usually arrived to a screech of brakes about 9.45 to 9.50. One morning Fr. Comerford arrived without the communion breads and had to rush back to Rathcabbin for them before Mass could begin.

And yet it wasn’t like that everywhere, if Kavanagh’s lines on the dance in Billy Brennan’s Barn are an accurate reflection of life in the Monaghan countryside in the twenties. The poet is alone given over to contemplating his lot as everyone is gone to the dance:

‘Half-past eight and there’s not a spot

Upon a mile of road, no shadow thrown

That might turn out a man or woman,

Not a footfall tapping secrecies of stone

Was there a culture of earliness in the twenties or was it that their lives were so miserable that every minute of a dance was an enjoyment to be experienced and savoured. But, I digress.

Let me present two cameos that encapsulate a picture of the G.A.A. in an earlier time. The year is 1929. My father, a Shinrone man, is playing with Offaly in the All-Ireland junior hurling final at Thurles. He ties his boots and togs – made out of bleached flour bags – to his hurley, slings it over his shoulder and walks down to Brosna Station, on the Birr-Roscrea railway line. He takes the train to Thurles, makes his way to the field and contributes to the defeat of Cork. After the game he puts on his clothes, without the benefit of a shower, returns to the station and back home the way he arrived. He recalls that few in the parish knew he was playing and fewer were interested in the result.

Come forward nineteen years to 1947. The month is December. The venue is Gaile. The occasion the county intermediate hurling final of 1946. The teams Lorrha and Moycarkey. No report of the match appeared in any of the local papers. I have come across nobody who is sure of the score. The County G.A.A. history gives 4-4 to 2-3. But memories say Lorrha won by a goal. I came across a speech by former county chairman, Hubie Hogan, in which he stated Lorrha won by 4-2 to 2-4. Paddy O’Sullivan from the parish recalls there were seven Lorrha supporters at the game and can name them all bar one. The Lorrha lads went home after the match and there were no celebrations. Paddy claims there were people in the parish who didn’t know for years afterwards that Lorrha had won the county final.

Either of these experiences would be inconceivable today.

I suppose one area where there has been dramatic change since the fifties is among the supporters. Then they were predominantly male with a few mature women thrown in, plus boys and girls. I recall a trip to Tullamore with my uncle and three other men in 1949. I can’t remember the match but we went to the pub afterwards and I drank plenty of lemonade. As we drove home I was seated in the centre rear and had a fierce longing to go for a leak. But I was embarrassed to ask. Eventually they had to go and we stopped on the side of the road. They had already done the job and returned to the car and I was still relieving myself. I could hear their talk: ‘Will he ever stop?’ I eventually did to my great relief.

My memory of attendances is of predominantly males in dark suits and hats. Looking recently at some footage from All-Irelands in the fifties there is a scattering of females, mostly mature and wearing hats. The impression is of a predominantly male following, with none of the young women one sees at matches today on view.

Today, as we are so well aware, all has changed utterly. More and more one finds the family group at big games, father/mother, and teenage or even younger children of both sexes. The big problem arises is August and September when they can’t afford the prices of admission to major games, if they are lucky enough to get tickets.

The big development in support for Gaelic Games from the family group goes back to 1987 in this county, when the famine finally ended. In this regard most people recall Killarney. But I like to refer to the N8 from Cashel to Dublin on the Sunday morning of the All-Ireland semi-final. People were moving early. There was a great display of colours from the cars, packed mostly with family groups. There was a magnificent atmosphere. Just under 50,000 people attended that game on August 9. It wasn’t a double header, just the contest between Tipp and Galway. It was the greatest attendance at an All-Ireland semi-final since 1958, when Tipperary beat Kilkenny at the same stage.

I don’t think this development has been sufficiently noted. There’s a tendency to associate the huge development in support with the arrival of Clare in 1995. I suggest it started with the return of Tipp in 1987.

The rise of Waterford in 1998 brought another great upsurge in support for hurling. On the day they played Clare at Thurles, I watched the supporters of the blue and white. They came in such numbers, fathers, mothers, children. They were decked out so well in tee shirts, hats, badges, neckbands, flags and banners. They were a sight to watch.

I suppose the increase in the wearing of colours is a spin-off from soccer and from Ireland’s participation in the European and World cups. The Irish supporters flaunted the national colours in a way which made Jack’s army unique and exciting. That phenomenon has spilled over into the G.A.A. and it has been helped by two other developments, the wider availability of sport and leisure gear from major suppliers like Nike, Adidas and others, but from local producers as well, who can turn out tee shirts, jerseys, scarves and other gear at the drop of a hat. There is also the proliferation of sports shops, many of them fronted by former players, who cash in on this development. Latterly county boards have been getting in on the act. Clare have been there for some time and Tipperary arrived on the scene in May.

There is also the improvement in the quality and design of these goods which makes the county and club jerseys attractive leisure wear and they are worn widely in club areas. For instance if you visit Donnycarney you will find the red/yellow of Craobh Ciaran all over the place. And the same applies in other club areas, especially when the club is successful.

None of this would be possible if there wasn’t surplus money around. The Celtic Tiger has seen to that with more earnings available for leisure pursuits. Many people have money to spend following a team and this involves not only going to the match and supporting the team but identifying with the team colours by wearing the appropriate gear.

I suppose there’s a social and psychological dimension as well. When we think back to the drabness of the fifties, the predominantly dark colour of the clothes, particularly men’s, the heavy duty serge, the general depression that hung over all, the poor economic condition of the country, the widespread poverty, there was very little scope for colour and bunting apart from that of Papal flags and Church vestments in the processions on August 15 and other feast days.

There was also the inhibition, which restrained people from exuberant display or any kind of colourful expression. The one outlet for feeling and expression was supporting one’s team whether at club or county level, but expressing that support vocally at matches against rivals.

As well as a revolution in the range of supporters at games and in the way that support is expressed; there has also been a revolution in the facilities for games. In fact this revolution has been phenomenal. If I remember accurately Lorrha used hold tournaments at Easter. St. Vincent’s of Dublin came in 1947 for a match on Easter Sunday. I am inclined to believe that the reason for having such games early in the year, apart from the need to get the team back training for the championship, was the need to have a reasonably bare field, which was possible at Easter before the growth began. It didn’t make much difference if there were a few cowpats on the field. With a bit of luck the players would avoid them. If one were unfortunate to slide into one it could be wiped off with a tuft of grass.

The field was always a temporary one, drafted into use for the occasion. Lorrha had no permanent field until the eighties. I remember two temporary fields in use, one at the Pike and a second at Abbeyville. Cashel King Cormac’s played in different venues, the Dualla Road, the Ardmayle Road, before finding a permanent home in Leahy Park in the early fifties. Clubs found it difficult to get fields. Farmers were reluctant to make their land available. In these temporary fields the grass was seldom cut. That would be a waste. It was cropped by cattle or sheep or by the traffic of players down the centre. The wings were usually grassy. The sideline and ends were notional. Sometimes a stone delineated the corners of the playing area.

Changing facilities didn’t exist. I recall vividly coming across a line of bundles of clothes at a tournament in Lorrha in the late forties. They created a strange sight, little bundles lying forlorn along a ditch, where the team had togged out. Sometimes the players didn’t have togs. I recall watching fellows playing in their trousers with their stockings pulled up over the legs.

One of my longest memories was crowding into an upstairs room in Foley’s Pub in Borrisokane where Lorrha always togged out for their matches in that town. I was small and the players were huge men. I remember Patsy Carroll, a famous cross-country runner applying a mixture of wintergreen and olive oil to their legs before they departed for the field The pungent odour still lingers in my nostrils. After the match the supporters crowded in for porter. That was the payment because there was never a charge for the room.

Of course the primitive conditions reflected the economic conditions of the people at large. ‘Twas far from showers and washing facilities they were reared. We got the bathroom into the house in 1958 and it was one of the first in the neighbourhood. When one thinks back to these days one wonders were people conscious of BO.? I’m reminded of a statement an American politician made about the French during an election campaign at a time when American-French relations were at a low ebb during the thirties. He was denigrating French habits of hygiene. ‘Did you know,’ he asked his audience, ‘that a French person is washed only twice is his life, once when he is born and a second time when he is dead? In between he uses talcum powder.’ It may have been an exaggeration but it was a reflection that a greater part of the world probably was part of the great unwashed. I am not aware if many Irish used talcum powder after matches during the fifties. Today showers have to be available after all G.A.A. activity in a Sportsfield.

Another area which has seen a dramatic change is in training. Collective training for county teams was present as far back as the twenties. The late Bill Ryan Laha told me about collective training they did for the 1920 football All-Ireland. They spent two weeks at Dungarvan before the final. Why they picked that location I don’t know. This kind of training continued into the fifties, when it was banned by the G.A.A. I suppose there was a purpose in it because of transport difficulties in getting to a venue for central training.

Apart from that training was fairly amateurish with the emphasis on ball playing and skill learning rather than physical preparation. I recall training with St. Flannan’s for Harty Cup games under the eye of Fr. Jimmy Madden, who is now retired in Borrisokane parish. Training sessions consisted of endless backs and forwards with a run around the field to complete it. Also, we were given extra food, beef tea at eleven o’clock in the morning and raw eggs at night.

There wasn’t much difference in the training of club teams. Again there was a concentration on hurling, either in matches or in backs and forwards. Very little running was done.

Coaching as we know it today hardly existed. Former All-Ireland hurler, Jim Devitt, had a dismissive attitude to the whole idea of coaching. You either had it or you hadn’t it summed up his attitude. All the coaching under the sun wouldn’t help much if you didn’t have the ability. And, if you had the latter it came instinctively to you. We might not all agree with that attitude.

The first approach to scientific training in the G.A.A. didn’t come about until the sixties with the advent of the Gormanstown College coaching school. In today’s terms it was far from scientific. These sessions were gatherings of interested people, who were enthusiastic about the games of hurling and football and were prepared to share knowledge and learn from and with each other. Their approach was more intuitive than scientifically based and the emphasis was on what are called the three T’s, the technical, the tactical and team play. The emphasis was on developing hurling and football skills, discussing playing tactics and emphasising team play. There was little or no reference to physical preparation. This school of thought, if one might call it that continued into the seventies.

However, a change was taking place towards the end of the sixties with the arrival of the physical education graduates. Initially they came from Strawberry Hill and from Thomond College in the early seventies. As a result of their involvement with teams there was a greater consciousness of the whole physical education business. They tended to emphasise the area of physical preparation and they brought to training the three P’s, the physical, the psychological and performance analysis. For them a major emphasis in the preparation of a team had to be the honing up of the body to new levels of physical and psychological preparedness. In fact this school went a bit overboard on the physical side to the detriment of skill learning.

This emphasis on the physical side was also influenced by the change in society from an agrarian to a service society. Before then the severe physical work, which was the lot of the majority of the population, gradually game way to different kind where the majority were in more sedentary jobs.

In the past number of years there has been a gradual swing away from this emphasis on the physical and a return to the basics of the technical, the tactical and the emphasis on team play. To a certain extent the wheel has come full circle. The perceived wisdom today is that 80% of the work of training and coaching should be done with the ball. Training with the ball should supply most of the physical preparation necessary. It is interesting how closely this concurs with what Jimmy Maddin was doing with us in Flannan’s in the early fifties.

Clare are an exception to this trend. During his term as manager, Ger Loughnane strove to have his players reach new heights in physical fitness, driving them up mountains at dawn, reminiscent of Fionn McCool driving his female suitors up Slievenamon in order to pick the fastest. But, I think he may have found out that there’s more to hurling than physical preparation. His team were a tired team of players against us in this year’s Munster championship.

Something else is relevant here. During the fifties and sixties there were few juvenile competitions either at county or school level. Since then there has been a proliferation of games. Some people are concerned that boys are being asked to perform before they learn how to play. In the fifties there was one juvenile competition for the rural area and one for the urban area, plus one for both. At secondary school level there was a junior and senior competition. The county competitions were for under-15 and it was the only one until minor level. The emphasis was on learning to play with the opportunity to perform not coming until the boy was a mature fourteen or fifteen. And there was only one competition, no A’s or B’s or C’s so, if you didn’t make the first panel you had to keep practising without competition. The boy got plenty of opportunity to learn how to play.

The thinking today has gone right back with the belief that children should be kept away from competition until they have learned how to play. There should be no competitions for the under twelves rather practice sessions where the skills can be learned. The intention behind coaching should be on the technical and the tactical. Then, as the child reaches his mid-teens emphasis is put on team play and a gradual introduction into competition.

The major problem over the past few decades is the growing number of juvenile competitions. There is no recognition that the pot is full. All the emphasis has been on expansion and there has been no recognition that the pot can only take so much. There are arguments in favour of every competition and all mentors believe their competition is vital and unique and cannot be discarded. What is really necessary today is contraction, a reduction in the number of competitions for young people.

I suppose one area where the G.A.A. is very different to-day to what it was in the fifties is in the role of managers. Up to comparatively recently, every team, at all levels of the Association, had only a trainer. In many cases the trainer’s role was confined to the physical preparation of teams. Very often he had no say in the selection of a team, which was normally undertaken by a separate selection committee.

It is impossible to ascertain the defining moment when the role of the manager, as we now know it, came into being. Possibly in terms of a person with sole responsibility for a team’s training and managing, the provincial colleges championships produced the first supremos in hurling and football. In senior inter-county football most observers feel that the appointments of Kevin Heffernan in 1973 and Mick O’Dwyer in 1975 heralded and popularised the position of manager.

There were characters in the past who had the semblance of managers. One thinks of Jim Barry of Cork, Paddy Leahy of Tipperary. But they differed from today’s. In the first place they lacked the cult status enjoyed by the modern manager. Neither did they enjoy the almost totalitarian control the modern manager enjoys. They weren’t pampered and portrayed and pursued by the media in the way present managers are. They did the basic physical preparation with the team and gave advice. Their tactics were simple. The speech before the match was very often given by the county chairman.

The modern manager was an inevitable development, part of the general concentration of team control under one person in other sports. It coincided with a more professional approach to team preparation and it coincided with the greater emphasis on the physical preparation of teams. If we take Babs as the example of the first modern manager of the Tipperary team it is well to recall that a very important member of that team was the hammer thrower and P.E. teacher, Phil Conway, who was the first man to bring a professional approach to the physical preparation of a Tipperary team. It is also significant that he was dropped when Babs came to the conclusion that the team hadn’t been as physically prepared as he wanted.

Babs brought in ideas and concepts from business into the management of teams. One of the important principles in business is the delegation of authority by drafting in specialists in different areas. The handing over of the physical preparation to a different person would be part of that development. The development of a supporters club to generate more funds was another part. On the other hand when one of the management team fails to deliver the goods to the manager’s satisfaction, he is replaced by another. In contrast Loughnane would be in the mould of the old time manager, keeping everything under his control

Managers created problems initially and controlling them was a problem but matters have been sorted out now, in most cases. It could be said they have been good for the game. Apart from their more professional approach to team preparation, they have also increased the profile of the game. Managers express opinions and are the media’s delight. In many incidences their opinions are controversial and invoke responses from other managers or from G.A.A. officials.

They are also catalysts for change. They are promoters of the game, constantly striving to improve their teams’ performances and success. Because of their close focus on the game and the success of their teams they are the source of new ideas and new ways of thinking. Because of their access to the media their ideas are publicised and given a prominence sometimes beyond their intrinsic value. Not only are they listened to by the media, they are also influential in changing the ideas of supporters and members of the Association. Perhaps one way to describe their position is to see them as the radical wing of the Association, advocating change and an important balance to the conservatism and adversity to change which is endemic in the Association.

There is a downside to the existence of managers. They tend to put pressure on the tension balance within counties. Managers are concerned with their team’s success above all else. To achieve this they want to have their complete panel fit and well for all matches. They see all kinds of dangers to their players playing club games. Their attitude is that their plans and their players must be given priority before anything else in the county. This leads to tension between manager and officials and between clubs and manager.

Ultimately managers are driving our games in the direction of professionalism. The preparation demanded is well-nigh professional. The demands on the players are of professional standard. The level of fitness demanded and the emphasis on lifestyle is a major encroachment on the freedom of the individual. It may not be far down the road when the players begin demanding compensation for this kind of effort. If the manager is a well-paid individual preparing them why should they not be paid for delivering almost professional performances?

One of the most dramatic changes in the G.A.A. since the fifties is the commercialisation of the Association. It is a creeping phenomenon. Let’s cast our minds back to the un-commercial reality of life in the fifties. At that stage we didn’t have ads as such on Radio Eireann. We did have sponsored programs. This program is brought to you with the compliments of the Irish Hospital Sweepstakes. But, there was no invidious invasion of our minds at every moment of the day and even during newstime. Probably the only programs left free today are religious services on a Sunday morning. And, we didn’t have television, which is driven by advertising, back then. The idea of having advertising hoardings in our stadia or logos on jerseys wasn’t even a distant thought.

Commercialisation of the Association is a relatively new phenomenon. It could be said to have begun in the centenary year of the G.A.A. Do you remember the open draw senior hurling championship sponsored by Ford. It ran for two years, was won by Cork the first year and by Tipperary in the second year. The trophy is presently in Lar na Pairce.

Even before 1984 the G.A.A. had used sponsorship in the funding of the Ceannaras block. Roughly one-sixth of the cost, £250,000, came from sponsors, most of it raised by Sean O Siochain, the former Director-General, who had retired in 1979. Also, prior to 1984 individual clubs had started along the sponsorship trail, especially in Dublin. I’m not sure of the extent of this development or what kind of sanction it received either from county boards or headquarters, but it was a reality. Perhaps it could be said that Croke Park, by virtue of accepting sponsorship for the Centenary Cup, was giving sanction to something which was already a fact of life among a growing number of clubs.

Since then the whole area of sponsorship has snow-balled. The extent to which commercial interests were prepared to come forward with financial sponsorship convinced the Association of the need to exploit this new source of funding for its activities. Early opposition within the Association to both the principle and extent of sponsorship was overcome, but a special Work Group and the central council kept both the concept and operation of sponsorship under constant review. A central council decision in early 1986 not to accept advertisements or sponsorship from alcoholic drinks firms was later reversed by congress.

Detailed guidelines on sponsorship were drawn up by the Work Group and approved by the central council, and then circulated to all units of the Association. These laid down the conditions under which sponsorship was acceptable, and a control system was then put in place. According to Marcus de Burca, the G.A.A. historian, the Association, ‘while understandably giving preference to Irish industry, has been prepared to avail itself of any assistance offered by commercial interests in order to promote the Asociations activities.’ Fears expressed in the 1970’s by opponents of sponsorship about the danger of firms intruding into the running of the Association have proved to be groundless. Also, the amateur status of the players, while under threat, has been guarded and a special delegate congress devoted to the topic was held in November 1997.

The sponsorship of jerseys, for which definite guidelines were laid down by the Work Group, became universal in 1990. This area of commercial activity has become increasingly important to sponsors in the late nineties with the increased televising of our games. The sponsor can now expect to get massive exposure if the team sponsored is successful in the championship. Not only is the logo exposed to millions of viewers during the actual televised match, but gets renewed exposure in reports of games, discussions and previews. With close-ups of players in matches the logo of the sponsor gets almost as much exposure as the face of the player.

This sponsorship of jerseys, while it is of vital importance to counties as a new source of finance in the preparation of teams, has become of even greater importance to clubs. It is a vital source of club finances. There has been no shortage of businesses and firms coming forward with such sponsorship. In small towns and villages pubs are to the fore with this sponsorship. I was in Luxembourg in 1997 on the Sunday before Patrick’s Day and went to a football match. One of the teams carried the name ‘The Black Stuff’ on the jerseys. It was the name of a famous Irish pub in the town and the place to which we all adjourned after the game. It is conceivable that clubs were recognising this fact when they influenced congress to reverse a central council decision in 1986 to ban sponsorship from alcoholic firms.

The next development was the sponsorship of competitions, which came about as the nineties progressed. The high profile sponsorship of the hurling championship by Guinness and the football championship by Bank of Ireland tends to dwarf the extent that sponsorship has permeated all units of the Association. Every single one of the sixteen championships in the west division has a sponsor now and it is not unique. It is a fact of life and difficult to imagine how boards could survive without it.

And, what will the next development be? There seems to be only one direction and that is the sponsorship of stadia. We already have an example in soccer with Eircom Park around the corner. The latest news is that the development may be under threat. What are the chances that this will happen in the G.A.A. I believe there is a very good chance. Commercial reality will drive it and neither sentiment nor ideology will prevent it. I believe it may be the reason why the new stands in Croke Park haven’t been named yet. We are concerned in Tipperary that the name of Michael Hogan may be discarded from the new structure and most of us will be mightily upset if this were to come about. Seamus Leahy suggested in an interview recently that in that event we should take to the streets. And, maybe we will. But, I believe we may be banging our heads against a commercial wall. If a sponsor comes along with five million or more to get his name on the new stand, I find it difficult to imagine how Michael Hogan can survive.

For most people the hurley stick has remained a constant during all these years. But such is not the opinion of Justin McCarthy of Cork. Some of you may be aware of Justin, a man who lives, thinks and sleeps hurling. He has an exciting history having played minor, under-21 and senior hurling for Cork, winning an All-Ireland in 1966. His hurling life was severely curtailed by a broken leg but he came back from that to play in later All-Irelands. He became the coach of the Cork senior team and coached them to the 1984 All-Ireland. He broke the mould in hurling circles by going to Clare for four years to train their senior team and later to Antrim. He came to the Cashel King Cormac’s for seven years around 1990 and helped the club to their first senior county final. His interest in coaching first manifested itself in the Gormanstown coaching sessions in the early sixties. He’s been writing a column on hurling in the Examiner since 1992.

One of his great interests is hurleys and adapting them to the needs of individuals. He believes a hurley is a very personal thing and should be selected with the same care and attention as a golfer selects his club or a tennis player his racket. According to him this is a relatively recent phenomenon. He holds that Tipperary and Kilkenny were the first counties to recognise that all players couldn’t play with the same hurley. He recalls Jerry Doyle kneeling with a line of hurleys on the sideline, each of them identified with the name of a player. Many of these hurleys would have been worked on to suit individual needs.

The average player in the fifties played with a basic hurley, made by a hurley maker and identified by nothing else but the length. It was a primitive stick with general characteristics but hardly any effort was made to individualise it to the needs of a particular player. Most of you remember the hurley carrier then with his bundle of hurleys and if a player broke one on the field he came to the sideline and tested a couple before deciding the one which suited him.

Justin claims he was the first player in Cork to put his name on a hurley to identify it as his, suitable to his physical characteristics and his special needs. He would work on a hurley, reducing its weight by shaving it or adding to its weight by putting bands on it, sometimes half bands. He would finish off the stick with tape and a proper grip. There has been an evolution in the tape used, from tar tape to cloth tape to rubber tape. All the work on the hurley was done to give it better balance to make it a finer striking instrument.

So the modern hurley is a much different instrument to the one used in the fifties, which was, in contrast, a rather basic instrument. The modern stick is more balanced and more compact. It is better formed and it is shaped and added to to suit the individual requirements of the hurler. Even its shape has changed slightly with a projection like a heel on the boss, rather than the rounded curve of the earlier sticks.

Another area of change and development is in the area of communications. The fifties are synonymous with the radio and the unforgettable voice of Micheal O Hehir.

He brought the games to a wider audience and infiltrated parts of the country where Gaelic games were of little importance. Many of you recall a visit to the seaside during the summer and the voice of Michael O Hehir from car radios drowning out other sounds as men and women listened close by while their children played in the sands or dipped in the water. The voice of the broadcaster made games from other provinces exciting and breathtaking. He made strange places known and brought new names of players to the fore. I had such pride in Lorrha when I heard Tony Reddin’s name called in the team’s lineout. Even today you meet people for the first time and, if they are of a particular vintage, they will say ‘Tony Reddin’s country’ when you mention Lorrha. The same is true of so many other names and places.

The newspapers gave extensive coverage during the fifties and this coverage of G.A.A. matters didn’t have to compete with so many other sports for column space as they do today. That decade saw the arrival of the great G.A.A. correspondents like John D. Hickey, Mick Dunne and Raymond Smith, with their detailed match reports and their striving after effect through a blaze of adjectives and mixed metaphors. Outside of the newspapers Carbery’s Annual and Raymond Smith’s many publications on hurling and football were a few of the publications available. Others came and went with very few lasting the pace. I believe that the G.A.A. person, traditionally, didn’t buy much in the line of magazines or books on G.A.A. matters. He was content with the radio broadcast, the Monday Press or Independent or Examiner to fill out the picture, and the local weekly if the county or club team were playing.

There is a very definite expansion in coverage today. This can be seen in many areas. The most obvious one is television. It took us a long time in the G.A.A. to learn the value of television exposure. For many years television exposure appeared as a threat rather than a help to our games. Fortunately, matters have changed. Most people now accept that exposure is a marvellous thing and it does not keep people away from games. Take last Sunday for instance. The Munster final was on television yet 54,670 people packed into Semple Stadium. An estimated another five thousand came to Thurles without tickets and watched it in the local pubs. They mightn’t be able to get to the game but they wanted to be as close as possible to the action.

Television is doing one other thing: it is making the game more widely known and appreciated. The medium is wonderful is revealing the skills and the intricacies of the game. It shows the courage and determination of the players. It has also helped to clean up the game because it exposes mercilessly foul strokes and nasty incidents. I believe the player is protected doubly when the match is televised. It’s the referee’s job to protect the players in normal circumstances, and to ensure that the rules of the game are observed. But the player now has the additional protection of knowing that if the referee lets go an incident which should have been punished, the GAC may use the video evidence to expose and punish the culprit.

If I have a complaint it is that RTE don’t do justice to the games. I had a discussion recently with Michael O’Carroll, a Dunkerrin man who has been a producer/director on RTE sport for thirty years. I made the point that RTE didn’t use enough cameras to do justice to the game of hurling. He disagreed with my opinion. For instance they used eight cameras in Thurles last Sunday. I know that Wembley Stadium were using a minimum of twelve cameras back in 1971. I don’t know how many they use to cover games today. If you watched the Euro 2000 games you will recall how every shot at goal had three replay angles to show the shot from different angles. I know it costs money but the day may come when some of the bigger TV companies may make an offer to the G.A.A. that they may not be able to refuse. Just imagine what eighteen cameras could have done for the Munster final last Sunday. Just imagine how well and from how many angles it could have shown up the Paul Shelley incident! I don’t have to go on.

Newspaper coverage has improved with a great emphasis on action photographs, colour and more analysis of the game. The sports supplement is a common feature. There is a big increase in individual profiles. These have put increased pressure on players as their exploits are reported in a dramatic manner and many are given star status. Sometimes this praise of the individual and his elevation to an heroic plane puts such pressure on the player that he seldom delivers in his next game.

Match programs have been improved beyond all recognition. Last Summer I was given a copy of the program for the 1932 All-Ireland between Kilkenny and Clare. It was a four page spread and a far cry from the A-4 size books you get at today’s All-Ireland. There is a disadvantage in the growth in size as it’s too big to fold and put in your pocket. Last Sunday’s match program contained 56 pages and was a bumper edition and a tribute to John McCormack, the editor, who received a McNamee Award for his production of last year’s county final program. People expect this service today. We are all aware how they kick up if there’s not a team sheet available at a game.

Another welcome development since the fifties is the publication of Yearbooks in many counties. They are not available in every county nor are they regularly produced. Tipperary has done well in this area. First produced in 1970 the Tipperary Yearbook has never failed to appear. The current edition is much improved on the first one to be produced and it is difficult to imagine it not coming out in the year. It is an essential record of the year in the county and will provide an invaluable service to club and county history writers in the future. Not only is it a written record of what happened, it is also an outstanding visual record of the year’s events. One year I counted 400 pictures in the Yearbook.

Since 1984 many club histories were produced. This development was a new phenomenon. Prior to that year I can recall only three attempts at recording club activities. Philip Ryan produced ‘Tubberadora’s Hurling Story’ in 1973, Seamus O Riain brought out ‘The Moneygall Hurling Story’ in 1975 and Bill O’Brien brought out some memories of Sean Treacy’s in 1978. George Cunningham and Tom McCarthy produced the Roscrea Hurling Club in 1980. Since 1984 close on thirty club histories have appeared and many more are in the pipe line.

In the area of general publications there were very few available in the fifties. Tom Kenny brought out Tour of the Tipperary Hurling Team in America 1926 in 1928, Fr. Meagher’s speeches to a dozen County Tipperary conventions were published a decade later. Tommy Doyle’s, My Lifetime in Hurling, was published in 1955. Canon Fogarty’s, Tipperary’s G.A.A. Story, appeared in 1960 and Tony Wall’s book on hurling came out in 1965. In contrast to this small number of books what a proliferation of publications in the past few years.

On of the memories of the fifties that seems like some vestigial remains from a darker age is the ban, a rule in the G.A.A. which banned attendances at foreign games and disallowed foreign dances at G.A.A. events. Vigilantes moved around to ensure no body attended foreign games. Those who were discovered were given bans and penalties. Some of you may be aware that Mick Mackey, a Limerick man and an inveterate supporter of Limerick rugby, had to be protected from the ban. Otherwise Limerick might have found themselves without his services. They came up with an Irish solution to an Irish problem: they made him a vigilante so he had to attend the foreign games in an official capacity. I doubt if he ever reported anyone for attending foreign games.

Of course the whole Cooney affair in 1938 originated with Jimmy Cooney’s attendance at an international rugby match at Lansdowne Road in February of that year. Cooney was banned for attendance and then was unable to declare for Tipp as he was a banned person. We won’t bother discussing the folly of the selectors in picking him when his eligibility to play was in doubt.

Since 1971 all of this climate has changed. The ban was eventually abolished at Congress that year. People of the post-1971 generation express disbelief at the kind of climate of opinion which supported the ban. They aren’t interested in the historical reasons for the ban. G.A.A. players today move easily between the codes and form the backbone of soccer and rugby teams, especially in rural areas. As well, coaches move easily and freely between Gaelic and soccer and rugby.

One thought strikes me about the ban. If it were still in existence today, and that, of course, is inconceivable, it is more than likely there would be high court cases against it. One can imagine members of G.A.A. clubs taking court action against the ban as an infringement on human liberties and an interference with a person’s right to choose the games he wishes, or the dances he wishes to dance.

The referees of the fifties were a more leisurely crowd. There was less pressure as they were under little scrutiny. The rules were simpler as the game was less technical.

Referees played a less prominent roll. I recall only one controversy from the period. The 1947 All-Ireland semi-final between Kilkenny and Galway was played at Birr before thirty thousand people. Martin Costello of Terryglass was the referee and there was controversy as he was alleged to have favoured Kilkenny on the occasion.

I seem to remember that prominent G.A.A. officials were chosen to officiate on occasions. The job of refereeing wasn’t as specialist as it is today. There was no standard dress or uniform. There were no courses to take and there were no assessments like there are today.

The contrast today is striking. Referees are certainly fitter and are expected to keep in shape. They are more aware of the rules and the game has become extremely technical. The official guide for 1943 is a one-volume book with nine and a half pages on hurling rules. The 1995 guide is a two-volume work with twenty-one pages on hurling rules. Today’s referee is seriously assessed and may be under pressure because he is being watched. In fact his performance has become a bit boxed in as he is constrained from giving expression to his personality.

He has much greater authority on the field and is very conscious of using his umpires and linesmen. He has a much higher profile and because of that is mercilessly scrutinised by the media, especially television. He has a difficult task as hurling has become a running game and it is very difficult to watch the extra steps players take to get away from their markers. Then the game is so fast, decisions have to be split second.

I suppose the biggest change that has taken place since the fifties is the dress code, which has become very strict. Black and green has become the standard. Back in the early fifties referees officiated in their county colours. When John Moloney began in 1956 white was very much in and he remembers it as a very effective dress. For the 1973 All-Ireland John wore black with white collar and white togs. Some of you remember Mick Slattery with this outfit for the Munster final between Limerick and Tipperary at Thurles that summer. Essentially referees were left to their own devices as regards dress. In the late seventies the authorities began to provide referees with gear. Then in the early eighties the black and green, which is standard today, came in and it was definitely established by 1984.

I haven’t spoken about the rule changes which have taken place and I don’t intend to exhaust the subject. Looking back to the fifties we all remember the third man tackle. You were quite entitled to jostle a man to keep him away from a team mate on the ball. Or you could shoulder an incoming forward to protect your goalkeeper. On the other hand you could bundle a player, including the goalkeeper, into the net and how often do we remember such a happening described vividly be Michael O Hehir. There’s a story told of the 1915 junior All-Ireland between Tipperary and Offaly at Athlone. Towards the end of the game Offaly were attacking strongly and backs and forwards were bundled into the Tipperary net. Felix Cronin of Lorrha, who was playing full-back for Tipperary, is reputed to have found the ball under him and threw it out wide. When the referee untangled the mess no ball was found so no goal was given and Felix became the first Lorrha man to win an All-Ireland medal. He was later to marry Kitty Kiernan. The third man tackle was eventually banned in 1975.

There was an experiment with the ‘hooter’ system, which timed games independent of referees, between 1950-52. Called the Bogue clock it wasn’t satisfactory and, after a period of experimentation, referees continued to be the sole authority on the length of games The Bogue clock remains in use in Gaelic Park, New York.

The no-stoppage rule was introduced in 1955. We recall the use of the well-timed stoppage in a game. Matters are going badly for a team so a few of their players go down ‘injured’. The intention is to put the other side out of their stride by breaking their momentum. Or one side is very tired and wants a break from the game. So, a player goes down injured. I think Cork were always very good with this tactic!

Then you remember the backs go back but the forwards remained for the throw-in, so there was quite a crowd present around the referee for the start of the game. And the game used to be started by the Archbishop of Cashel. I have been trying to find out when this practice stopped. It appears to have been the mid-seventies. John Moloney recalls the Archbishop throwing in the ball in the 1974 All-Ireland. He also refereed the 1975 Munster football final and Bishop Casey threw in the ball. John recalls the Bishop saying to him ‘If I throw it to a Kerry man, is it a foul?’ followed by a loud guffaw. Am I right in remembering the Bishop or Archbishop in danger as he scurried back to the safety of the stand? And, wasn’t there a time when there was a mock throw-in and then the real one after the Archbishop was back in his seat?

And talking of the Archbishop and the throw-in I believe the singing of Faith of our Fathers before the national anthem went sometime earlier, about the mid-sixties. I always thought people sang it with more fervour and gusto than the national anthem. Nobody has been able to tell me why it went. Perhaps there was an ecumenical reason. Maybe it had to do with the new political developments between the Republic and Northern Ireland in the mid-sixties. There is also a suggestion that the powers that be woke up to the fact that the hymn was of Protestant extraction, with an English rather than an Irish origin.

Whatever about Faith of our Fathers, Dr. Morris was upset about doing away with his right to throw-in. His upset was due to the failure of Croke Park properly to inform him they were intending to do so. As far as I understand it was sprung on him and he complained to Seamus O Riain about the treatment of him. The throw-in was confined to the four mid-fielders in 1965.

There were many other changes over the past fifty years. The game went from sixty to eighty minutes in 1970 and settled at seventy in 1975. The linesman was required to place the ball for a line ball in 1965 and twenty years later players were given the right. The change over to metre measurements came in 1978 but I still think in seventies and 21’s. In the mid-eighties the goalie had to have a distinctive jersey and his hurley could not be wider than 13 centimetres. And there were many more.

So, what of the future? I don’t claim to be a prophet but there are a few changes I can see down the road. There was an experiment some years back with thirteen aside. I can see that coming back in the future. It would make hurling a still faster and more exciting game. It would change the nature of back and forward play. It would also help many clubs and counties, who have difficulty in getting sufficient players to make up teams.

It takes seven officials to officiate at a G.A.A. game. It is much too many. It is also quite difficult to find so many for lesser games. I can see the G.A.A. experimenting with just three, the referee and two linesmen as you have in soccer and rugby. There would be no problem with goals as they end up in the net. I believe the referee is best placed to decide if it’s a point. Or, modern technology should be able to come up with a solution. So, I wouldn’t see any great problem with making umpires redundant and bringing the linesmen even more into play.

Finally, I won’t be surprised if the game ends up professional. There is tremendous pressure in that direction. Playing at inter-county level has become an almost full-time job. Full-time work demands to be paid. I envisage, in hurling at any rate, a development in which there would be eight to twelve professional hurling teams playing for All-Ireland honours and with the best of amateurs, playing for clubs, striving to get into the paid ranks. I’m not making any value judgment on whether this would be a good thing or a bad thing. It would be a sea change from all we have been used to and from everything the Association has stood for since its foundation.

<span class="postTitle">Millennium Mania</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2000, pp 95

Millennium Mania

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2000, pp 95

 

Did you read about one of the ideas received by the National Millennium Committee for the proper celebration of the Millennium? This looney proposal was to move this year's All-Ireland Hurling final from September to next New Year's Day! Just imagine what all All-Ireland would be like on a normal New Year's Day. And the plight of the players who would have to maintain fitness for months after the semi-finals in August. And the abstemiousness they would have to bear over the Christmas period. Not to mention the state of the pitch on the first of January!

The Tipperary County Board set up its Millennium Committee early in the year and it met on a number of occasions to decide in what fitting ways the Association could celebrate the Millennium in the county. Conscious of the heavy workloads already undertaken by clubs and committees throughout the county, the committee agreed that any celebratory ideas should be practical and memorable. 

One of the ideas was that a Tipperary Hurling and Football Team of the half-century should be selected and that the selected players be honoured at a Millennium Banquet. In the case of hurling this idea was taken over very effectively by the Tipperary Star and was a subject of much discussion before the team was announced and introduced to the crowd at the county senior hurling final. Perhaps there is scope for a football team to be picked.

Another  idea was to  publish  a collection  of  Tipperary  G.A.A. ballads,  songs  and poems.  Jimmy  Smyth,  of  Clare  and  Croke  Park,  had a  wide  collection  of  these  already  and was willing  to  help.  Liam Ó Donnchu and Seamus King provided him with the back-up from the county.  The response to their many pleas for club ballads fell, unfortunately, mostly on deaf ears.  In any event the collection has been completed and only awaits publication.  

An Coiste  Culturtha  were  requested  to organise an event combining the tallents of Scór, Comhaltas Ceolteori  Eireann and Gaeilscoileanna.  This will take he form of a concert and will be staged sometime during next year. 

Local committees were encouraged to celebrate anniversaries of major vents in their parishes. The year 2,000 marks the centenary of a Tipperary All-Ireland Double, Two-Mile-Borris in hurling and Clonmel Shamrocks in footall. Local committees in these areas re encouraged to remember these events in a fitting manner. Where necessary help will come from the county board. 

The committee also recommended that the plaque missing from Hayes's Hotel, which acknowledged the foundation of the G.A.A. in the building, be replaced. Croke Park would be involved in this project. 

Another Millennium celebration recommended was to honour Tipperary's 'Three-in-a-Row' team of 1949, '50, 51 at a special function during Millennium year. 

A further suggestion was that a new championship medal be designed and presented to all championship winners in Millennium year. Also, that Louise Kennedy be requested to design a new Tipperary jersey (blue and gold of course). The county board would hold the franchise and this would be a source of income in the future. In this connection it was also agreed to design a new G.A.A. crest for the county. 

The committee looked for suggestions from around the county but virtually none, looney or otherwise, were received. However, it is satisfied that in the above suggestions the Millennium will be remembered in an appropriate manner. 

The members of the committee were as follows: chairman, Seamus J. King, secretary, Liam O'Donnchu, Conchuir O'Riain, Denis Floyd, Marie Morrissey, Sean Nugent, Seamus Leahy, Paul O'Neill, Tomas O'Baróid and Tom O'Donnel.

<span class="postTitle">Recent G.A.A. Publications - 1999</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2000, pp 59

Recent G.A.A. Publications - 1999

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2000, pp 59

 

The only new club history I've heard about is the Galtee Rovers book. A long time in gestation, this work is expected to appear next April or May. So, the author, Seamus McCarthy, told me recently. The book will be much more than an account of G.A.A. activities in Galtee Rovers-St. Pecaun's. It will incorporate a history of the parish of Bansha and Kilmoyler and accounts of the lives of its famous people. 

Another book, to be published in November, is Raymond Smith's mammoth production, The Millennium Book of Gaelic Games. Over 500 pages long and retailing at £10, this reference book of G.A.A. information, winning teams and results, is a must for anyone involved in Gaelic games. It is an updated edition of the 1993 volume, with additional information on junior championships, university competitions and other areas not covered in the previous book. A great effort has been made to make the book comprehensive and complete and as accurate as it is possible to be in an area of hundreds of teams and thousands of results. 

A handy reference book is The Wolfhound Guide to Hurling by Brendan Fullam, published by Wolfhound Press for £4.00. The author is one of hurling's greatest enthusiasts and has spent many years travelling the hurling counties, meeting and speaking with many of the hurling greats. The result is the hurling trilogy, Giants of the Ashl Hurling Giants & Legends of the Ash. A Wexford man, he lives in New Ross, where he was branch manager with Bank of Ireland. The present publication guides us through the origins and evolution of hurling. He discusses its requirements and its attractions, the competitions and grades, the G.A.A. founders and the great players. 

A delightful publication is Horse and Jockey: All Ireland Hurling Champions 18991 a booklet published in connection with the centenary celebrations held in Horse and Jockey on August 29. This is more than an account of the celebrations, it is a mini history of the Horse and Jockey, beautifully illustrated, artistically designed and a most interesting read. The booklet was so popular that the complete edition may be gone by now and, if it is, I would advise you to risk breaking and entering in order to get your hands on a copy. It sells for £5. 

Another publication of note is a booklet remembering the 1974 minor football and hurling heroes of Cashel King Cormacs. In that year a total panel of twenty-two players won the minor hurling and football double for the first time in the county. The booklet introduces the reader to the team, tells their story and traces their progress to an historic double. Available at Cashel, it retails at £3. 

A second edition of The GAA: A History by Marcus de Burca appeared in October. Published by Gill and Macmillan, it retails at £19.95. The book has an interesting history. First published by the G.A.A. in 1980, it was the first history of the Association. A large edition of 10,000 was published and it became the definitive work on the Association. Even though the present volume is called the second edition, another edition was published for Irish Life Assurance plc by Wolfhound Press in 1990, in the Irish Life Classic Collection. It brought the story up to 1990, reviewing the impact of the eighties on the G.A.A. and examining the future direction of hurling and football. The edition also included a fine selection of photographs, in colour as well as black and white. 

The present edition takes the story up to the end of the century and covers the changes and challenges faced by the Association in the 1980s and 1990's. Among the matters addressed in the new edition are the changed player rules in Gaelic Football, the astonishing revival of public interest in hurling aad the introduction of the 'back door' format in the championship, the develop- ment of Croke Park as a stadium of truly international standard, and many other matters. The book remains, not only the sole reference book on the history of the Gaelic Athletic Association, but a must for anyone who wishes to be informed about the greatest amateur association in the country.

 

 

<span class="postTitle">The County Senior Hurling Championship - 1999</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2000, pp 33-35

The County Senior Hurling Championship - 1999

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 2000, pp 33-35

 

There is no doubt about it: Toomevara are the senior hurling champions of 1999, but they are also the champions of the nineties. By their, apparen!ly, effortless victory over Nenagh Eire Og at Semple Stadium on October 10 the club crowned a great decade, making it five out of ten county finals, the others having been won in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1998. It puts them in the same league as the famed Sarsfields, who won five titles in each of two decades, the fifties and the sixties. Toom also had a previous glorious decade when they won five finals between 1910 and 1919. The club produced so much talent during the nineties that their tally might even have been greater. 

And then, Toomevara mightn't have been there at all! The team that might have deprived them of ultimate honours was Portroe who almost put a stop to the Greyhounds' gallop in the north semi-final. It took two games to dispose of this tenacious opposition and set up a meeting with old rivals Nenagh in the final at Cloughjordan on August 22. In fact Toom were underdogs going into this match and the omens were not good for them when they trailed by seven points at the interval. A great second-half rally transformed the deficit into a four-point victory margin on a scoreline of 2-19 to 2-15. It was a sweet victory, revenge for defeat by the same opposition the previous year, and achieved in the absence of important players like Ken Dunne, Michael Bevans and Padraig Hackett. 

On the same day at Semple Stadium, Holycross-Ballycahill were dethroning the mid champions, Loughmore-Castleiney. Holycross's task was made somewhat easier by the absence from the Loughmore side of their two county players, David Kennedy, because of a broken bone in his hand, and Paul Ormonde, who was caught up with exams. Despite the losses the champions were in contention until the end and were deprived of a draw by a great save by Holycross goalkeeper, Michael Ferncombe, in the last minute of the game. The final score was 1-13 to 1-10 and it brought Holycross-Ballycahill their fourth mid title of the decade. 

A week earlier Kickhams won their sixteenth west title with a one-sided victory over Eire Óg, Anacarty at Clonoulty. The performance of the latter was disappointjng in the light of earlier victories over Golden-Kilfeacle and Cappawhite. Kickhams were never in trouble, were in front by 0-14 to 0-5 at the interval and had the wider margin of 1-21 to 0-7 at the final whistle. 

On the same day Mullinahone were very impressive when dishing out a twenty-three point hammering to Carrick Swan in the South final at Clonmel. In a fine exhibition of hurling they scored 3-26 to 1-9 for the Swan. Major contributors to the scoreline were John Leahy, who scored eleven points, and Paul Kelly, who had 2-5 to his credit. The game was even for the first quarter but then Mullinahone began to pull away. They led by 0-14 to 1-5 at the interval and it was plain sailing in the second half. 

Quarter-Finals

The first of the quarter-finals was played at Templemore on August 28. The game was a total mismatch with the west runners-up, Eire Og, Anacarty, completely out of their depth against Toomevara side which showed they were simply in a different class. They were coasting at the interval with a score of 3-13 to Eire Og's 0-2. They were ahead 5-20 to 0-3 when Eire Og got their only goal and ahead by 6-23 to 1-4 when the final whistle rescued Eire Og from their misery. No fewer than nine players scored in Toomevara's thirty-four point victory. 

On the following day at Cashel, Holycross-Ballycahill and Carrick Swan drew on a scoreline of 0-14 to 1-11. The mid champions were expected to find this game easy but, in fact, had to pull out all the stops to gain a second chance. Carrick were two points behind when an Alan Ryan goal put them ahead with very little time left. The mid men were saved by a John Ferncombe point from a free and again when referee, John Ryan, disallowed a Carrick point for a square infringement as the ball sailed over the bar. 

In the replay, at the same venue, three weeks later Holycross-Ballycahill won by 1-16 to 1-12. Again the mid champions did not impress. They did against the breeze in the first half and led by 1-8 to 0-4 at the interval. But Carrick did not die as expected but rallied strongly to reduce a deficit of nine points early in the second half to just two points with six minutes remaining. Holycross had to withstand enormous pressure during the final minutes before eventually coming through with a four- point margin. 

On the same day and at the same venue Mullinahone defeated Loughmore-Castleiney by 2-20 to 2-8. The winning margin was impressive but the victory wasn't as comprehensive as the scoreline. Mullinahone came to the game with glowing credentials but it took a long time for them to get going. They scored nine points to Loughmore's 1-6 in the first half. The game was very much in the balance until Loughmore's Noel Kennedy got his marching orders, early in the second half. This seemed to knock the spark out of Loughmore's challenge and set Mullinahone on the path to victory. A major contribution to the victory was the 2-12 scored by the Kelly brothers, Paul and Eoin. 

Kickhams might have caused an upset in the remaining quarter final against favourites, Nenagh Eire Óg at Templemore on September 18. There were four points between the teams at the final whistle, Eire Og 1-14, Kickhams 2-7, but the game might have been much closer had the west champions not been so profligate with their scoring opportunities. Eire Og were clear by 0-9 to 1-3 at the interval and a commanding seven points in front with twelve minutes remaining. But Kickhams did not die and an Eoin Morrissey goal in the twenty-eighth minute paved the way for an upset. However, Nenagh steadied and held on for a four point victory. 

Semi-finals 

The semi-finals were scheduled to be played at Semple Stadium on September 25 but the Toomevara-Holycross game was postponed because of a bereavement in Toomevara. The draws for the games were interesting. Many looked forward to the Nenagh-Mullinahone clash as one between sides with similar styles of hurling. A great contest was expected with Mullinahone favourites to make it to the final stage. In fact Eire Og came to Semple Stadium as underdogs and with nothing to lose. They gave an outstanding performance, played out of their skins, were focused on what they were doing and there was never a doubt but that they were going to win. In contrast Mullinahone were a huge disappointment, realising none of the promise they had shown in the south final or in the final quarter against Loughmore-Castleiney. Their forward line, which was expected to revel in the open spaces of Semple Stadium, got nowhere against an efficient Nenagh back line and ended up repeatedly in cul de sacs. The magic of previous displays was completely absent. Nenagh led comfortably at half-time by 2-8 to 0-6 and were out in front by 4-18 to 1-10 when the final whistle sounded. 

The second semi-final was played in Semple Stadium on October 3 and it was a game of two halves, in which the wind played a major part. Holycross·Ballycahill were kings in the first half and led by 4-6 to 2-2 at the interval. A goal by Toomevara soon before half-time gave the scoreline a bit of respectability. The mid champions were in control and the spearhead of their attack was a devastating Tony Lanigan, who hit 3-3 in eighteen minutes against a hapless Rory Brislane. The talk at half-time was a mixture of opposites: had Holycross enough of a lead or would Toomevara be able to bring it down? The north champions set about reducing the ten points deficit soon after the resumption and after twenty-one minutes of play had reduced it to a manageable two points. John Ferncombe gave Holycross a breather with a point, but two great long-range points by Owen Brislane and a point from a free by Tomas Dunne brought the sides level. Holycross went back in front with a free from Ferncombe but Toomevara had the best of the final minute exchanges, scoring three points to win by 2-17 to 4-9. 

The Final

The final was played on October 10 at Semple Stadium with Toomevara slight favourites. To a certain extent it was a difficult game to forecast. In the course of the championship the form book had been thrown out the window. Mullinahone had easily disposed of Carrick in the south final and they in turn had been sent packing by a rampant Nenagh in the county semi-final. Mid champions, Holycross, took two games to beat Carrick and yet had put it up to Toomevara in the semi-final. Nenagh, who had gone in as favourites to the north final, were beaten by a great Toom display in the second half. 

In the end it was a disappointing final in which Toomevara were in control from the beginning. Playing against the wind in the first half Toom never gave Nenagh time to settle. They were faster to the ball, had a better first touch and were playing with confidence. Nenagh's efforts were floundering from the word go, they found it difficult to get scores and were not moving with any fluency. Toomevara led by 1-6 to 0-6 at the interval and were in a comfortable position. The game hung in the balance during the third quarter but gradually and inevitably Toom asserted their superiority, and their seven-point victory, on a scoreline of 1-17 to 0-13, was no less than they deserved. The winners had a fine combination of the experienced and the newcomers. In particular Owen Brislane in the backs and Paddy O'Brien, Paul McGrath and John O'Brien combined well with the longer established Tony Delaney and Tomas Dunne to produce the victory formula. In contrast Eire Og never put it together. The fluency of stroke and movement which came so effortlessly to them against Mullinahone was nowhere to be seen and they had to suffer the frustration of another defeat at the hands of their old rivals, Toomevara. 

Toomevara: J. Cottre 11 , G. Friend, R. Brislane, B. Dunne, O. Brislane, T. Delaney, P. Hackett, Terry Dunne, B. Duff (0-1), M. Bevans (0-1), P. King, P. O'Brien (0-5), P. McGrath, Tomas Dunne (1-7), J O'Brien (0-2). Subs: T. Carroll for J. O'Brien, A. Ryan for Terry Dunne, M O'Meara (0-1) for, King. 

Nenagh Eire Og: C. McLoughlin, A. Quinn, N. Coffey, J. Heffernan, R. Flannery, F. Moran, J. Kennedy, C. Howard (0-1), J. Slattery, D. O'Meara, E. Tucker (O-1), J. Tucker (0-1), R. Tomlinson (0-3), K.Tucker (0-6), M. Cleary (0-1), Subs: H.Flannery for Moran, L. O'Gara for J. Tucker, M. Hackett for Howard. Referee: Johnny McDonnell (Roscrea), Man of the Match: Paddy O'Brien, Attendance: 9,049. 

 

Results at a Glance


County final:

Oct 10 - Semple Stadium: 

Toomevara 1-17, Eire Óg, Nenagh 0-13. Referee: Johnny McDonnell (Roscrea). 

 

Semi-finals:

October 3 - Semple Stadium: 

Toomevara 2-17, Holycross-Ballycahill 4-9. Referee: Tommy Lonergan (Kilsheelan). 

September 25 - Semple Stadium: 

Eire Og, Nenagh 4-18, Mullinahone 1-10. Referee: Willie Clohessy (Drom-Inch). 

 

Quarter-finals:

September 19 - Cashel: 

Holycross-Ballycahill 1-16, Carrick Swan 1-12 (Replay). Referee: John Ryan(Cashel). 

Mulhnahone 2-20, Loughmore-Castleiney 2-8. Referee: Johnny McDonnell (Roscrea).

 

September 18 - Templemore:

Eire Og, Nenagh 1-14, Kickhams 2-7.Referee: Willie Barrett (Ardfinnan). 

August 29 - Cashel:

Holycross-Ballycahill 0-14, Carrick Swan 1-11 (Draw). Referee: John Ryan (Cashel). 

August 28 - Templemore:

Toomevara 6-23, Eire 6g, Anacarty 1-4. Referee: Willie Clohessy (Drom-Inch). 

 

 

<span class="postTitle">Gaelic Athletic Association</span> Millennium Souvenir Clár, Ballygalget C.L.G., AGM, December 28. 1999

Gaelic Athletic Association

Millennium Souvenir Clár, Ballygalget C.L.G., AGM, December 28. 1999

Organised sport played a very small role in the lives of Irish people in the mid-19th century. There was little time for leisure, especially in rural Ireland, since farm labourers worked a twelve-hour day and a seven-day week. Small tenant farmers were tied to their plots of land and whatever time they took off was referred to as their 'idle hours'. Michae1 Cusack, one of the founders of the G.A.A., noted how 'the Irish peasant too often wasted his evenings and holidays in smoking and card-playing.' Archbishop Croke also commented on this rural stagnation. And, of course, there was always a chance or excuse for drinking, with innumerable shebeens or unlicensed premises, where whiskey and poteen were consumed in large quantities.


Such sporting competitions as existed, especially in the athletic field, were strictly for gentlemen. There was a very noticeable class barrier, which excluded working-class people from taking part. It was presumed that only gentlemen could 'play the game', keep the rules and maintain a standard of propriety and fairness. According to the strict rules of amateur sport, an amateur was defined as 'any person who does not enter into open competition for either a stake, public money or admission money, nor is a mechanic, artisan or labourer.' Representing their county in sport was limited to the upper and middle classes. The G.A.A. hoped to undermine this existing class distinction in sport.


Another matter which called for change and reform were the ready-made and haphazard rules which governed Irish rural sports. Local custom often dictated the number of players on the field, the kind of ball used, etc. This divergence, if not disagreement, as regards rules and regulations, extended even to the broader, national level. It was not only in athletics, but also in the so-called Gaelic games, (hurling, football, handball, etc.) that trouble existed. It was said that some hurling matches were more in the spirit of 'faction fights' than sporting events. Referees had no whistles to control the game, and' usually took their position on horseback along the sideline, interfering only in very urgent and necessary cases by riding among the players and separating them. Such refinements as measured goalposts, time-keeping, size of ball or stick did not enter into consideration before the 1880s.


The first printed rules for hurling were drawn up by Pat Larkin of Kiltormer in 1869 for the guidance of the Killimor hurlers. These became known as the Killimor rules. A year later the laws of hurling, as played by the students of Trinity College, Dublin, were published. In October 1877, Maurice Davin, one of the future founders of the G.A.A., stated publicly: 'We are very much in the want of some governing body for the management of athletics in this country.' Davin, whose family owned a large farm and a flourishing business in Carrick-on-Suir, was an athlete with both a national and an international reputation. He knew that Irishmen could be as good as others on the sports field. He resented the fact that the Irish had no national athletics body to control Irish sport. The only organisation was the Amateur Athletic Association of Ireland, which was nothing more than an offshoot of the English Amateur Athletic Association. Davin wasn't the only Irish sportsman who was thinking along these lines.

 

Michael Cusack

One of the men most closely identified with the foundation of the G.A.A. was Michael Cusack. Born in 1847 in the Burren region of Co. Clare, Cusack became a national teacher and, after some years teaching in Blackrock College, set up his own Civil Service Academy where he offered grinds to students who wished to sit for the Irish and British civil service examinations. At the same time Cusack, a native speaker of Irish, encouraged his pupils to study the Irish language and to take part in Irish games. He was himself an accomplished all-round sportsman, playing hurling, football, handball and cricket, as well as competing in athletics.

Having retired from active participation in athletics he found himself called upon to help organise sports meetings in Dublin. The existing bodies, the Dublin Amateur Athletic Club and the Irish Champion Athletic Club, were too elitist and Unionist in outlook. During this time Cusack made the acquaintance of P. W. Nally, who was born in Balla, Co. Mayo in 1857. An all-round athlete, at one meeting in June 1876, he came first or second in sixteen out of eighteen events. A leading organiser in the Irish Republican Brotherhood, he was elected to the Supreme Council of the organisation in 1880. He also took a keen interest in the Land Question. He was a man of many talents and interests, combining three different elements, extreme republicanism, anti-landlordism and enthusiasm for sport.

The Gaelic Athletic Association was the brainchild of Cusack and Nally. They met for the first time in July 1879. Cusack later recalled the meeting in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, where there was 'no more than a score of people in the vast expanse of public ground. ' Both men were struck 'by the dreariness and desolation of the scene and agreed that an effort should be made to preserve the physical strength of the Irish race.' During the next three years they organised national athletic meetings. Because of his arrest and imprisonment for Fenian activities in 1881, Nally dropped out of public view and wasn't present at the memorable meeting which launched the G.A.A. in 1884.

 

Foundation Meeting

The Gaelic Athletic Association was officially' founded on November 1, 1884 in Hayes's Hotel, Thurles. It might .have been founded at Loughrea where there was a strong hurling tradition in south-east Galway and where the first set of rules had been written down in 1869. Cusack approached the bishop of Clonfert, Dr. Duggan, about becoming the patron of the new body but, because of his age, declined to act and advised Cusack to ask Dr. Croke, Archbishop of Cashel, 'a fine Gael, young, vigorous and energetic.'

Although Cusack sent out many invitations to the foundation meeting in Hayes' s Hotel, Thurles in November 1884, only seven attended. They were Michael Cusack, Maurice Davin, John Wyse Power, John McKay, John K. Bracken, Thomas St. George McCarthy, Patrick J. O'Ryan. Davin took the chair and in a short speech outlined what he considered to be the essential objects of the proposed association. Davin was elected chairman. Cusack, McKay and Power were elected secretaries. The new association was named 'The Gaelic Athletic Association for the Preservation and Cultivation of National Pastimes.' It was agreed to invite Charles Stewart Parnell, Archbishop Croke of Cashel and Michael Davitt to become patrons of the new association. The new officers were requested to draw up rules.

The choice of Croke, Davitt and Pamell as patrons represented recognition of the major forces in the Irish nationalist movement of the day, and they all willingly accepted. In the course of his reply Dr. Croke accepted 'with the utmost pleasure.' In his letter, which was to become the unofficial charter of the association, he said: 'One of the most painful, let me assure you and, at the same time, one of the most frequently recurring reflections that, as an Irishman, I am compelled to make in connection with the present aspect of things in this country, is derived from the ugly and irritating fact, that we are daily importing from England, not only her manufactured goods, which we cannot help doing, since she has practically strangled our own manufacturing appliances but, together with her fashions, her accents, her vicious literature, her music, her dances, and her manifold mannerisms, her games also and her pastimes, to the utter discredit of our own grand national sports and to the sore humiliation, as I believe, of every genuine son and daughter of the old land. '

From this inauspicious beginning 'the association swept the country like a prairie fire.' Few movements in modem Ireland have taken root so rapidly and so firmly as the G.A.A. Inside a few months the nationalist community, almost everywhere, had answered the call that went out from the first few meetings of the new body.

 

Irish Culture

The aim if the Gaelic Athletic Association was to put Irish people in control of athletics and to promote the games of hurling, football, handball and, later camogie. But it was more than that. It was also a cultural force promoting the Irish language, encouraging Irish dancing and other aspects of Irish culture. It sought to make Irish men and women aware of their distinctiveness as a people and a nation, and this led, in time, to a desire for separation from the rest of Great Britain.
Although the G.A.A. was in no way connected with politics, very soon it came under the influence of the IRB. Many of its founders were members of the Fenian Brotherhood and, in fact, looked upon the G.A.A. as a recruiting ground for their organisation. Of its very nature the G.A.A. was a separatist movement and thus it had a special appeal for the IRB. Even Cusack had to admit that 'every social movement in Ireland is to a certain extent necessarily political.' And, whether he liked it or not, the association had set the nation 'on the march'. Indeed the G.A.A. seemed to act as a kind of 'national service' for young Irishmen who could be trained, kept fit and ready for the day of reckoning. In these early days, before a match, all the teams marched round the field, with hurleys on the shoulders in army fashion. The IRB made one famous bid to control the G.A.A., at the Thurles convention of November 9, 1887, when Maurice Davin was ousted from the presidency by an IRB candidate, E., M. Bennett. However, it was only a temporary setback and in January 1888 the IRB men were forced to retire, and Davin was reinstated as president. However, the G.A.A. maintained its nationalist outlook and stance, and some 2,000 G.A.A. men formed a guard of honour at the funeral of Pamell, carrying hurley sticks draped in black

For the first few years of its life the G.A.A. was much more concerned with athletics than with hurling and football. To Cusack the need for nationalists to control Irish athletics and the desire to open athletics to every social class were more important than the revival of hurling and Irish football. Until 1887 hurling and football games were usually subsidiary events at athletic meetings. The rules of hurling and football were adopted early in 1885. An important decision taken was that of the parish rule, the principle of one club for each parish. Goals were the only scores allowed in the early days. Later the point was to be introduced for a ball going over the crossbar. There was such a thing as a forfeit point, which was given if the defender carried the ball over his goal line. If the same defender put the ball over his own crossbar, three forfeit points were awarded to his opponents. The forfeit point was to disappear in the 1886 convention, after which the side points made their appearance for the first time. Wrestling was to be permitted until 1886. Two players came into collision and at once got into handigrips. Only one fall was allowed. If the players attempted a second on the same occasion, the referee intervened. The number of players was twenty-one aside until 1892. During the early years the goal had no equivalent in points. After some years five points, and later three points, were declared equal to a goal. Play was limited to one hour after 1886. In the same year games between clubs of different counties began to grow in importance and the first All-Ireland hurling and football competitions began in 1887. After that these two games grew in importance and gradually surpassed athletics in popularity and scale in the association. In 1922 the athletics side of the association's activities was hived off to a new organisation, the National Athletic and Cycling Association.

The association spread 'like a prairie fire', to use the words of Cusack. The early decades were used to spread the game into every county. About the turn of the century the provincial councils were set up and gradually the format of provincial champions contesting the All-Ireland championships evolved. Football became the more important game, becoming a force in virtually every county. In contrast hurling was more confined, being strongest in the south-east and hardly spreading north of a line from Dublin to Galway, with the exception of the Glens of Antrim and the Ards Peninsula.

 

Non-Political

Although the association cherished its non-political character, it was always a very strong force for nationalism. It was through the G.A.A. that Michael Collins was introduced to the national movement. He joined the Geraldine Hurling and Football club in London, and soon became secretary. It was through the endorcement of the 'ban' - the G.A.A. prohibition on foreign games - that Collins first gained real notice in Irish national circles in London. His war cry was 'No soccer for Gaels'. His appeal resulted in the break up of many clubs affiliated to the London board of the G.A.A. The Geraldines remained loyal and Collins soon, found himself treasurer of the board. The I.RB. weren't long in sensing the value of Collins to their organisation and he was initiated into the Brotherhood in November 1909. By 1914 he had become treasurer of the movement for the entire south of England.

General Eoin O'Duffy, a former secretary of the Ulster G.A.A. Council was introduced into the Irish Volunteers by Collins. According to O'Duffy, the first question Collins addressed him was about the strength of the G.A.A. in Monaghan. He sought O'Duffy's help in recruiting Volunteers from the clubs. O'Duffy continues: 'The upshot was that I went back to Monaghan a Volunteer and within a short time had recruited virtually every able-bodied member or supporter of the G.A.A. into Volunteer activities.' Similar things happened all over Ireland. Collins enrolled G.A.A. officials for his army of freedom, and in turn they enrolled all who came within their area of influence - parish, county and province.' The strength of the G.A.A. as a nationalist force was recognised when the British authorities in Ireland banned the games and harassed the members of the association during the War of Independence. When the unfortunate Civil War followed the G.A.A. were again to the fore trying to keep people united and seeking to restore harmony where division existed.

 

Growth & Expansion

The games expanded at a great rate during the late twenties. Marathon hurling matches contributed to this growing popularity. Tipperary and Cork played three games in 1926 before a decision was reached. Even more dramatic was the three-match All-Ireland between Cork and Kilkenny in 1931. These games gripped the imagination of the public and lifted the G.A.A. into the foremost sporting organisation in the country. The advent of the Irish Press in 1932 brought expanded coverage of the games and led to the cult of the personality. Players like Lory Meagher in Kilkenny, Mick Mackey in Limerick and Christy Ring in Cork became folk heroes and pin up stars ahead of their time. There were football heroes as well. The arrival of Michael O'Hehir in 1938 brought a new dimension to the expansion of public interest. O'Hehir, in his inimitable style, brought the games, Sunday after Sunday, into the homes across Ireland through his radio broadcasts. His knowledge of hurling and football and of the players involved made bad games sound good, poor games sound great, and great games into epics.

For many years Irish men and women have emigrated across the world. Wherever they went they brought the games with them. In places like Argentina, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, Canada and the U.S. as well as across the sea in England and Scotland, the games were organised and championships played.

Today, the Gaelic Athletic Association prides itself in being the greatest amateur, sporting organisation in the world. It has reached a new level of sophistication in the organisation and promotion of our games. It has become a very wealthy organisation with magnificent stadia bulging at the seams with enthusiastic crowds. Above all it presents the games which continue to have the widest appeal for the greatest number of Irish men and women. 

<span class="postTitle">Rockwell College 1921-1922</span> Rockwell College Annual 1999-2000, pp 132-136

Rockwell College 1921-1922

Rockwell College Annual 1999-2000, pp 132-136

 

The first entries in the Community Journal in September 1921 give information on the members of the Community and Staff. Fr. J. Byrne is the Superior and Fr. J. Cotter is his First Assistant. Fr. J. N. Muller is the organist. Fr. J. McGrath is the Dean of Studies. As well as fulfilling the post of Bursar, Fr. J. Kingston also teaches some classes. Other teaching members of the Community include Frs. C. Schmidt, M. Colgan, P. Brennan, L. J. Ward, P. J. Meagher and D. Leen. Fr. Leen was also Dean of Discipline. Fr. P. McAllister is the Prefect of Worship. The Junior Scholastics have Fr. J. McCarthy as their Director. He also takes singing classes in the College. Fr. J. O'Neill is the compiler of the Journal. 

The new Prefects were Messrs Mullane, Danaher and Mackey. Mr. Danaher was in charge of Junior discipline while his two colleagues were in charge of study. Mr. Mackey also assisted with the singing classes. 

Mr. Mansfield, who had been a prefect the previous year, came back as a member of the lay staff, but curiously still dressed in the soutane. The other lay teachers were Messrs. Harte, Gallagher, Twomey, Nagle and O'Shea, the last-named taking up the position of Science Master. Two lay teachers from the previous year, S. O'Neill and M. J. Ryan, did not return. The former was in prison for I.R.A. activities. The following January he was to pay a visit to the College. He was released from prison in consequence of the amnesty following the ratification of the Treaty by the Dail. 

Also gone from the previous year was Miss Byrne who had been in charge of the dairy. Brother Eusebius was also absent. He was currently a patient in the St. John of God Hospital in Dublin. However, he made an unexpected. appearance in Rockwell three days after the re-opening of the College for the new school year, having absconded from the hospital three days previously. However, his sojourn in Rockwell on this occasion was brief. He was sent back to the hospital. T. Enright was the farm steward and Miss Marrinan was the nurse. 

The boys started returning on September 6th. By the time they had all returned, they numbered 124 boarders, 36 Junior Scholastics and 15 dayboys. A week later, the Intermediate Prize List arrived. Rockwell received four exhibitions, six prizes and four composition prizes. The results arrived on September 19th and a free day to mark the achievement was awarded. The average of passes was practically double the All-Ireland average. In Middle Grade, 30 passed out of 32. The boys went to Athassel Abbey, near Golden, on a picnic. Fr. O'Neill and three of the lay teachers cycled to Killusty and scaled Slievenamon. 

Political Disturbances

There are numerous entries in the Journal concerning the I.R.A. and their presence in the neighbourhood. On September 25th, some LR.A. officers brought to the Superior's notice the fact that one of their number from an outlying area had exceeded his powers in presuming permission to remove some chemicals from the science laboratory four days previously. The individual at fault agreed to restore what he had taken. The following day we are informed that a section of the I.R.A. army took up their quarters in Carrigeen. 

Frs. Byrne, Kingston and Healy went to Kilfeakle for the Mass for Sean Tracey on October 16th. To mark his death, a business holiday was ordained by the I.R.A. in the South Riding of the county. However, Rockwell had class as usual. 

We are informed on November 9th that a college servant, named Brophy, was arrested by the I.R.A. for shirking his volunteer duties. He was detained for fatigue duty in Carigeen and had his rather luxuriant locks shorn. On the 25th of the same month, the College had a visit from Messrs. Robinson and James Flynn of the LR.A. The latter was a recent past pupil. 

On February 16th, a Journal entry tells us that Mr. Bradley, father of one of the students, was seriously wounded in the anti-Catholic pogrom in Belfast. Two days later, we learn that Mr. Shine, father of another of the students, was wounded by the I.R.A. for expostulating with a pitchfork when they came to distrain his cattle in penalty for his refusal to pay the I.R.A. levy. 

On St. Patrick's Day, Eamon De Valera came to spend the night in the College. He was accompanied by his secretary, Sean McBride, and by Cathal Brugha, who was Fr. Kingston's brother-in-law. De Valera said a few words to the boys and got them a free day. According to the journalist, "He was dreadfully hoarse and haggard-looking." On the following day before his departure, De Valera signed scores of autographs for the boys. He did some vaulting (sic) by way of exercise and had some revolver practice with a Colt automatic. He and his party, accompanied by Joe McDonagh, T.D. and a past pupil, left soon after 11 o'clock to hold an anti-Treaty meeting at Killarney. 

It may have been a repercussion to this visit but a political argument developed over dinner about a week later. The entry reads: "Over the veriest trifle, there arose at dinner one of these unpleasant disputes, now fortunately very rare." 

There are a couple of further entries in the Journal for April. On the first day of the month, we read that all sorts of rumours were afoot concerning some shots fired from a motor car near the gate by the I.R.A. We are told that a drop too much was the key to the mystery. Maybe it was the day that was in it! Two days later, some of the servants were summoned to an I.R.A. meeting at New Inn. The men there refused to take the oath to the new anti-Treaty executive. 

On April 12th, we learn that a former dayboy, W. Luddy, was buried with military honours. He had been arrested during World War I and his incarceration in Pentonville Prison undermined his health. The boys were unable to return after the Easter holiday because the trains were not running. By wayof protest against Rory O'Connor's militarism and against interference with the people's freedom of speech and with the liberty of the press, the trade union movement had ordered a general stoppage of work from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. 

The entry in the Journal for May 2nd gives a personal viewpoint. It states that the Republicans were besieging Free State troops in the R.I.C. Barracks at Annacarty. Two of the College servants were acting with the besiegers. The journalist goes on "Shall we ever learn from the past and can there be no centripetal force for us save hatred of England?" 

The letter from the Bishops of Ireland on the state of the country was read at the Community Mass on the first Sunday in May. It condemned gun rule, affirmed that the only correct and moral course was to follow the people's voice as expressed for the time being in the Dail and later in an election, and it finally counselled acceptance of the Treaty. 

The Bishops' letter fell on deaf ears. Two weeks later we read that two of the college servants, Bill and Tom Meehan, were taken from their beds and beaten by the I.R.A. The year ended with plenty of political trouble. Trains stopped running, with lines being ripped up in several places. Trouble was brewing all over the country. 

Lighter Moments

All was not gloom, however. As early as September 15th, we are informed that a shorthorn heifer, belonging to the College, took first prize and a cup at Tipperary Show. While the boys were on retreat from September 28th to October 2nd, some of the lay teachers went for a holiday to Lisdoonvarna. On October 27th, an elocutionist, Valentine Voubden, gave a number of clever character sketches from 8 to 11 p.m. His fee was five guineas. The evening concluded with a "pithy speech" from the Superior and the singing of the Soldier's Song. The community had punch on two consecutive days in December in connection with the visits of distinguished people. On May 13th, Fr. McGrath and Mr. Mackey went off to Dublin with a "Galaxy" of ten prizewinners. They stayed at Blackrock College overnight and went to the hurling final at Croke Park the following day. They did not return until the 15th and spent the forenoon in Cashel. That was a free day, which the Archbishop had given a week earlier during a visit to the College. Fr. McCarthy took the Junior Scholastics to Athassel for a picnic. The boys, on their own initiative, got up an impromptu sports, which were quite a success. 

The students had reading during meals, one book for breakfast and a different one for dinner, They started the year with "The Priest on the Mission" by Oakley for breakfast and "Literary History of Ireland" by Douglas Hyde for dinner. When the latter was finished, "My Life in Two Hemispheres" by Gavan Duffy was begun. 

Changes and Innovations

On September 30th, Frs. Kingston and Colgan went to Dunne's in Clonmel to see about purchasing a motor lorry but no deal was done. Early in October, the lay teachers began donning the academic cap and gown. In December, we learn that stones and mud from the farmyard were being dumped on the lakeside walk near the sluice by way of tarmacadam. In January, a Belfast engineer came to fix the furnace and the heating apparatus near the bootroom. The job lasted three weeks and the engineer was accomodated in the infirmary during his stay. Fr. Leen paid £35 in February for a billiard table with an assortment of cues, balls etc. It was bought from the British Army Barracks in Cahir when the troops were evacuating the town. In the same month, there is a rather cryptic entry : "We have been killing our own mutton of late. Economically, it may be an improvement, but it can hardly be called a gastronomic one." The lorry was never bought and in March, Fr. Leen went to Clonmel to hire one to take 60 boys to Limerick at the end of the month. In the same month, some gravel was put on the avenue, "a little more lavish than Fr. Cotter's annual 'pinch of snuff'." In April, repairs were carried out to the "Castle" in the Rock. The idea was to raise a pedestal of masonry inside the castle. However, the foundation proved unsound and the project was abandoned. Instead, a girder-supported floor was built on the top storey and a pedestal raised from that floor. The purpose of the pedestal was to carry the statue of Our Lady, which was swung into place on the last day of the month. A photographer from Keoghs in Clonmel came to the College in the middle of May to take group photographs of the students and staff. On June 22nd, one dynamo and an oil engine arrived from Middleton. They were intended to light the house with electricity. Brother Dalmas went to Portarlington to see after a steam engine that might be of use for the College sawmill. 

Some Deaths

News came in October of the death of Joe Geoghegan in a motor accident in California. He left Rockwell in June 1920 and studied at the National University of Ireland for a year before going to the U.S. The news turned out to be false. An entry at the end of January related how news of his tragic death was false. He had, in fact, survived the accident. Brother Silas died on February 8th, aged 83 years. An entry in November stated he had been laid up for the previous month and was very troublesome and noisy at night. Most of his life had been spent in Rockwell as a commissionaire and then as a shoemaker. He was in charge of the building of the science room wing, often called "Silas' House". 

There are not many references to games. A Gaelic football team went to Cahir in the middle of October and defeated the local team in a rather "scraggy" football match. There was a return game in December and the College again was successful by a point. The Cahir side grumbled about the refereeing of Mr. Nagle, a member of the lay-staff. At the end of March, the hurling team motored to Limerick for the final of the Harty Cup and were beaten by one point by St. Munchin's There was disappointment over the result "but it was mild compared to what it would have been in the rugby finals. Neither we nor Blackrock hold any Cup this year. Rather a record!" Fr. Leen attended a G.A.A. meeting at Limerick Junction on April 8th and he was a Munster delegate to the G.A.A. Congress a week later. The final of the medal hurling matches was played on May 7th. A few days later, the school sports were completed with swimming. In the course of one of the swimming competitions, Mr. Mullane jumped into the lake in his soutane to rescue W. O'Brien who had got into difficulties. 

Athletic Success

The end of the year brought some athletic success. On May 27th, Fr. Leen took a team of nine to Dublin to compete in the intercolleges sports at Croke Park. The Irish Independent reported on May 29th that "the most successful of the Colleges were St. Finnian's, Mullinaar and Rockwell. The latter, as well as "winning several senior events, also took the senior relay." The team included W. Byrne , T. F. Moloney, J. Scanlon and T. lee. The last-named, from the Glen of Aherlow, was undoubtedly the star of the Rockwell success story. He came first in the 200 metres, the 400 metres, the Long Jump, a well as being a member of the winning relay team. He also came second in the 12 lb. Shot. In all, the College won nine firsts, three seconds and nine thirds. 

Other items of note during the year included the information that Rockwell adhered to true Greenwich time during the summer and did not put the clocks forward. This was a cause of embarrassment in May when the Archbishop, Dr. John Harty, paid a visit. He arrived at 3 p.m. "summer time" and was expected at 3 p.m. "Greenwich time". The result was that the boys were not out to receive him with a Guard of Honour. 

On May 25th, it was recorded that O'Connor, a fitter, who had got a temporary job in the house, took Fr. O'Neill's bicycle without leave some days previously and left it badly damaged. He also took Fr. Colgan's. Fr. O'Neill recovered his machine in the barracks in New Inn. However, no trace had been found of either O'Connor or Fr. Colgan's bicycle up to June 14th. The previous October, Fr. Schmidt had his bicycle smashed by hitting a stone on the road as he rode home from Clonmel. 

There were at least four visits from inspectors during the year. One of them, Mr. Ensor, who came in April "simply spent a few moments in the exam hall." During the Easter holidays, the boys who did not go home and the Junior Scholastics went to a matinee at the Kinema (sic) in Cashel. There was a piano concert for the boys in May and, according to the journalist, "it was good but rather too classical and monotonous for the boys." 

No reason is given but after June 29th, 1922, the Journal entries are in Irish and continue in that language until the end of July.

 

<span class="postTitle">Born! Not Made!</span> West Tipperary Hurling Final Program, Aug 22, 1999

Born! Not Made! 

West Tipperary Hurling Final Program, Aug 22, 1999

 

How often have we heard it! Sure, why shouldn't he be a fine hurler when all belonging to him were soaked in the tradition of the game? Or, the opposite side of the same coin. Sure, what could you expect? There wasn't a hurler to be found on either side of the family! 

I'm beginning to doubt this wisdom and the player who put me thinking was Sean Óg Ó'Hailpin. How could he possibly be a hurler? Sure his father was a Fermanagh man and his mother a native of Fiji, and he himself spent ten years of his life in Fiji. Did you ever hear of a Fermanagh man or a Fijian getting on a hurling team? 

So, how come that Sean Óg made it in hurling, and in football also for that matter? I believe the big culprit is environment and in his case it was the environment of North Monastery secondary school, where hurling was a second religion. There he found an opportunity to express his natural athleticism through hurling. 

There are many such examples. Take the famous Bonnar brothers, all three of whom got All-Star awards in hurling. Why should they have been hurlers when both parents came from Donegal and the father played football with Gortahork? The answer is simple: they went to school in Cashel C.B.S. where Brother Noonan taught everyone how to hurl and made a damn fine fist of it as well. 

And, staying in Cashel, another example are the O'Donoghue brothers. There's nothing in their pedigree which would suggest hurlers. What, with the father from Kerry and the mother from Meath, sure 'twas far from hurling they were bred. But, they grew up in the environment of hurling and all five have given sterling hurling service to the Cashel King Cormacs. 

Most of us have heard of that great Cork school, Farrenferris, a great nursery of hurling. It may come as a surprise to learn that over half the boarders there come from west Cork, which is exclusively football country. They arrive in Farrenferris at the age of twelve years hardly knowing the shape of a hurley. And, what happens to them? They became great hurlers like Jim Young became, or Terry Kelly or Tim Crowley, to name a few. Had they stayed at home hurling would have been the loser. 

There are other dramatic examples. Jack Lynch's father was a footballer from Bantry. We know that Jack never lost that part of his inheritance and won a football All-Ireland in 1945. But that success was squeezed in among five hurling AlI-Irelands, which I would hazard a guess, Jack would have never seen had his father not moved his tailoring talents out of the west of the county and into Cork city, where the young Jack fell into the environment of hurling in North Monastery and was snapped up by Glen Rovers at the age of eleven years. 

And, what about the great Eddie Kehir? What would have become of him had his father remained in Roscommon. Would Eddie have made as skilful a Roscommon footballer as the skilful Kilkenny hurler he became? 

Of course, the reverse is also true. Look at the fate of Ger Power. Why should the son of a great hurler like Jackie Power become a great Kerry footballer. And, the answer has to be because he left the hurling environment of Limerick for the football world of Tralee and Kerry. 

So, the moral of the tale has to be, not to scoff at anyone's attempt to wield a caman because his father or mother or anybody else belonging to him, never caught a hurley in his hand. The environment's the important thing. I've said before that had Pierce Bonnar emigrated to some English village, rather than migrating to Cashel, his sons would have become the best cricketers in the area!

 

<span class="postTitle">The Gardiner Connection</span> Munster S.H. Semi-final Replay, Cork, June 12, 1999

The Gardiner Connection

Munster S.H. Semi-final Replay, Cork, June 12, 1999

 

'Lisdoonl Lisdoon/ Lisdoonvarna/' hoarses Christy Moore in his inimitable way, and it's a long road, eighty winding miles, to Borrisokane, but there's an important G.A.A. link between the two places, Seamus Gardiner (1894-1976), one time chairman of the Munster Council, and President of the G.A.A. from 1943-46.

The future president was born in the west Clare town on July 17,1894. (He had a distinguished cousin, George Gardiner, who became world light-heavyweight champion in 1903, knocking out the Austrian champion, Jack Root, in the 12th round at Fort Erie, Canada.) He trained as a national teacher in De La Salle College, Waterford and went to U.C.D. to do his degree. His footballing prowess had already been recognised and he was made captain of the college Sigerson Cup team, and represented U.C.D. as a delegate to the Dublin county board. He got further recognition when he got his place on the Clare senior football team and was picked on the Munster provincial team which participated in an inter-provincial series in 1924 to pick a national team for the Tailteann Games.

In the same year he settled in Borrisokane as a teacher in the local boys' national school. Earlier he had spent some time teaching at Loughrea, where he served as a steward with the Irish Coursing Club. Having settled in Borrisokane he became involved in the local G.A.A. club and soon came to represent it at north board meetings. His talents were soon recognised and he succeeded Frank McGrath as chairman of the board in 1933, a position he was to hold until the end of 1938. Two years later he was elected vice-chairman of the Munster Council. In 1941 he succeeded Frank McGrath as chairman, as he had done in North Tipperary in 1933. He entered the G.A.A. presidential race in 1943 and defeated Dan O'Rourke, Roscommon for the highest office in the Association. Later, in 1967, another teacher, Seamus O Riain, who had started his teaching career in the boys' national school, Borrisokane, was also to become president of the Association!
The two major difficulties Seamus Gardiner had to contend with in office were the row with the army, where foreign games had been put on an equal footing with Gaelic games, and the row with the presidency of Ireland which had erupted in 1938 when Douglas Hyde had been removed as patron of the Association because he had attended a soccer match. The restrictions on travel, owing to wartime conditions, was another difficulty for the G.A.A. president.

Having completed his term of office, Seamus Gardiner, returned to club and divisional activity. He held the position of board treasurer until 1972. His involvement with the club was constant and strong, especially with the G.A.A. park, which now bears his name. He had been involved as early as 1930 when part of the Higginbottom estate was handed over by the Land Commission to the club. He played a major part in the development of the field as a fitting venue for Gaelic games. This involvement was well recognised in 1978 when the pitch was dedicated the Seamus Gardiner Memorial Park. He died in 1976 and, in a graveside oration, Seamus O Riain, summed up the man and his achievements and influence: 'He was a father figure accepted by all of us as representing what /s good and true, a man of authority, standing for perennial values of honesty and integrity and commanding our respect. But it was an authority that was tempered by human warmth and understanding and kindness, especially to those who were weak and in need.'

A fitting tribute indeed and recognition of a life of dedication to the cause of the Association. His two sons continued in that tradition. Denis hurled for many years with Borrisokane and, after his playing days, continued to serve by looking after juveniles. Seamus, the younger, after winning a Harty Cup with St. Flannan's in 1954, played with his home club until he was ordained in 1961. Later he was to spend twenty-seven years in the college and was involved with the teams that won Harty Cups in 1976, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1987 and 1989. Among the many he trained during his years there were Anthony Daly, Jamesie O'Connor, Brian Quinn and Conor Clancy. On the administrative side he represented the colleges on the Munster Council and was later P.R.O., a position he still holds.

There's a nice balance somewhere there, the father leaving Clare and coming to Tipperary to serve the Association there and at a provincial and national level, and the son returning to Clare to serve the Association there and in Munster.

 

 

<span class="postTitle">Beef, Tea and Raw Eggs</span> Munster S.H. Semi-final Replay, Cork, June 12, 1999

Beef, Tea and Raw Eggs

Munster S.H. Semi-final Replay, Cork, June 12, 1999

 

The success of St. Flannan's College in this year's All-Ireland final brings back some memories of the school in the early fifties. It was always one of the great nurseries of hurling and its catchment area brought together players from Offaly, Tipperary and Limerick as well as from Clare. It was a time when the honour of playing for the college subsumed county loyalties and made us fight to the death for one another.

St. Flannan's was a tough place to be in the fifties. Older students told us it was a paradise in comparison with life during the war years. But we knew the fifties only and Kavanagh's line about the 'black bread and sugarless tea of Penance' keeps repeating when one remembers the fare in those days. It was bread for breakfast, stale bread for lunch - two slices with a smear of jam between them - and bread for tea. Sometimes we got brown but we had no great respect for it. I recall a rhyme: Don't eat Demoses bread./' Twill stick to your belly like lead. / You 'll fart like thunder, that your mother'll wonder. /So, don't eat Demoses bread. For the benefit of the uninitiated, we christened the kitchen staff, Demoses, ironically after Demoethenes, the great Greek orator, whom we studied.

In such a situation to get on the hurling team was the goal of all. It was a relief from the monotony of school life and it brought special privileges. In order to build us up for matches we got extra brown bread! But, we also got beef tea for elevenses, when the rest of the poor devils slunk around cold and hungry. And, we also got raw eggs, a couple a day. Then there were match days and the luxury of four-course lunches in places like the Ardhu House Hotel in Limerick. They were marvellous!

In September 1955 we looked forward to the Harty Cup, and as usual, with confidence. In the previous twelve years St. Flannan's had won six times and in doing so had, to coin a phrase, established their divine right to win! North Monastery won in 1955 but we were determined to halt their gallop. We beat St. Colman's in the first round and came up against the champions in the second. We drew with them at Thurles and were lucky to do so but we felt confident of taking them at the second try.

We got huge encouragement from the college authorities and nothing was spared in getting the preparation right. Leading the support machine was Dr. Tom Maxwell, the President, who lacerated us with his tongue after one defeat. 'I don't mind a Flannan's team beaten, but not a hurley broken!'. He had a plate in his head, the result of a bad accident, and he'd fly off the head easily. He used to eat Craven A cigarettes during a game and stamp them out, half smoked, under his feet, interspersing puffs with un-parliamentary language. After him came the team trainer, Fr. Jimmy Madden, retired in Borrisokane and approaching eighty years. He took us through our paces and that was everyday except Saturday. For some strange reason we had our dinner at 3 pm, when school finished, and went training straight after it. Says something about us and the dinner! 'Twas always backs and forwards and very intensive sessions they were with the occasional game thrown in against Clarecastle or some other Clare club team. We never did any running or physical build-up.

Anyway, we came to Thurles for the replay on November 27. We were bad in the first half, conceded some easy scores but came alive after the interval to come within a point of North Mon. We were on top except for the Mon goalie, Seanie O'Brien, who, when his team were under terrible siege, stopped everything , even midges. He was unbeatable. We failed to score and North Mon got a goal from a free in the dying moments to win by 3-6 to 3-2. We were devastated.

The team, with county initial after each name, was as follows: Kieran McDonnell (T), Seamus King (T), Jock Slattery (T), Colm Wiley ©, Tommy Barrett ©, Francie Keane ©, Joe Hoare (Lim), Brendan Hennessy (Ky), Jackie Rohan ©, Joe Noone ©, Mick Walsh (Of), Mick Slattery ©, Sean Williams (T), Denis Baker ©, Patsy Nealon (T).

The outstanding player was Kerry student, Brendan Hennessy from Ballyduff, who was later to make his name playing with New York. He was closely followed by Jackie Rohan , who had played wing-back on the 1954 winning side. Jackie gave up the game soon afterwards and was a tremendous loss to hurling. Joe Noone had the distinction of playing with Clare and Galway minors in 1955! He was discovered and came back in September an illegal player. He was dragged up to Doc Maxwell's room one night and dictated a letter to the Munster Council stating he knew absolutely nothing of G.A.A. rules, and got reinstated! Mike Slattery turned to refereeing at an early age and made a name for himself behind the whistle. Colm Wiley captained London to an intermediate All-Ireland in 1968. Many of the others gave distinguished service to their clubs.

Forty-four years on it is difficult not to be nostalgic for these days and to look back at them through rose-tinted glasses. They were tough days but we were tough and survived. At least, most of us did. But when we look back today we don't remember the difficulties of surviving. Rather we remember the hurling we played, the camaraderie we experienced and we still argue about how we should have beaten the Mon that day in Thurles. I wonder where is Seanie O'Brien!

 

 

<span class="postTitle">Lory Meagher (1899 - 1973)</span> Talk given at the Lory Meagher Museum, Tullaroan, Co. Killkenny, September 1999

Lory Meagher (1899 - 1973)

Talk given at the Lory Meagher Museum, Tullaroan, Co. Killkenny, September 1999

 

‘As steel-blue clouds spread like a mourning-pall across the evening sky, hundreds - rich and poor, gentle and simple, young and old, men and women, clerics and nuns and laymen - filed through the mortuary chapel of St. Luke’s Hospital, Kilkenny for a last glimpse of all that was mortal of one of the great artists of the ash, a supreme craftsman of the caman.'

‘That the heavens themselves wept without restraint as the funeral procession wound its slow way through the narrow streets of Irishtown, old-world streets silent now, but streets that had so often re-echoed the thundering cheers of victory when the same Lory Meagher and his comrades came triumphantly home, garlanded with hurling glory.'

‘Now the only sound in those rain-swept streets came from the marching feet of the solid phalanx of All-Ireland stars who headed the cortege, the men of the Black and Amber, from Gaulstown’s 83-year old Dick Grace, who won his first All-Ireland away back in 1909, to Pa Dillon, from Freshford St. Lachtain’s, who won his last in 1972.'

‘At the boundaries of the old city of St. Canice, the hurlers split their ranks to form a guard of honour and the funeral moved on along the twisting road towards the Slieveardagh Hills to halt at last outside Clohosey’s solid farmhouse, where the men of Tullaroan were waiting, led by renowned members of two famed hurling families, Sean Clohosey and Tom Hogan. So it was, his coffin swaying on the shoulders of his old neighbours and their sons, that Lory Meagher from Curragh, the man whose name had for so long been part of hurling’s lore and legend, came home for the last time.’

 

So wrote Padraig Puirseal, in a tribute to Lory Meagher, entitled A Craftsman Supreme, in the 1974 edition of Our Games. Puirseal was one of the great admirers of Lory’s skill and had a fine appreciation of the man, as well as the hurler. In his appreciation of Lory in the Tullaroan history, he admitted: ‘Maybe I am prejudiced by the fact that Lory was at his greatest during my most impressionable years, but even after more than forty years since spent as a sports commentator, I have not seen the equal of his artistry, or watched a more supreme stylist. When the mood was on him Meagher was a veritable magician, with a caman for a wand; he was a wizard with the sliothar at his command.’

In fact, as a hurler, Lory has a clear record which establishes him as one of the greats of all time, but as a man he is an elusive individual, difficult to pin down, hard to define. This may be due to the evenness of his personality. Martin White, who knew him, hurled with him and played in all the All-Irelands he won, pinpointed this characteristic when talking to him last July. There were no extremes of behaviour in his make-up. He wasn’t given to outlandish attitudes or extravagant poses.

Perhaps this is the reason why much hasn’t been written about him. There is no biography, no spate of articles about the man. The occasional pieces are largely repetitive. It is as if this essentially quiet man revealed little about himself to others around him and to the friends and neighbours who knew him. In contrast with the accolades written about his hurling talent, most commentators are quiet about the man, and the personality behind the skilful exponent of the game of hurling.

Perhaps we can learn something of the man through his interests, other than hurling. He was an ardent supporter of G.A.A. ideals and proud of the family connection with the foundation of the Association at Thurles in 1884. Whereas it has never been established that his father, Henry J. Meagher, attended the foundation meeting, it is possible that he was in Thurles the day the Association was founded. There is a very definite tradition that Henry Meagher, and two other Tullaroan men, Jack Hoyne & Ned Teehan travelled to the 1884 meeting. They travelled by horse transport from Tullaroan to Thurles. Christopher Walshe, who wrote A Place of Memories, about the social, sporting, historical and political life of Tullaroan, claims that the late Jack Hoyne told him himself of their presence at Thurles on the day of the foundation meeting. Walshe adds that he doesn’t think they attended the actual meeting. There is no independent witness to their attendance and the possibility exists that the visit was mixed up with a subsequent meeting. (Frank Moloney of Nenagh confused a number of meetings and made a claim in 1906 that he was at the first meeting, whereas it is certain he wasn’t.) It is significant that Henry Meagher was not enamoured by what happened in Thurles later with the so-called Fenian split. Is it possible that he was remembering this convention rather than a visit in 1884. However, we must give him the benefit of the doubt.

Henry, whose father came from Cloneen, Co. Tipperary and who acquired land in Curragh with the break up of the Scully estate, was born in Tullaroan in 1865 and took a prominent part in public life in Kilkenny. He would have been only 19 years at the time of the foundation meeting in Hayes’s Hotel. Later he was to become a member of Kilkenny County Council and other public bodies. He was an uncompromising supporter of Charles Stewart Parnell and he courageously stood by the Chief in the North Kilkenny election of 1890. He attended Parnell’s funeral in Dublin in 1891.

To have taken the stand he did showed Henry to have a single mindedness and a good strain of moral courage. He had to stand out against the strictures of the clergy who spoke from the power of the pulpit. The following quotation is an example of how some of the clergy used their position at this time. A parish priest told his flock before an election in the early 1890’s: ‘Parnellism is a simple love of adultery and all those who profess Parnellism profess to love and admire adultery. They are an adulterous set, their leaders are open and avowed adulterers, and therefore I say to you, as parish priest, beware of these Parnellites when they enter your house, you that have wives and daughters, for they will do all they can to commit these adulteries, for their cause is not patriotism - it is adultery - and they back Parnellism because it gratifies their adultery.’ Strong stuff indeed and it took a strong man to stand up to it. Obviously Henry Meagher was made of stern stuff.

Henry was educated at St. Kieran’s College and later married Elizabeth Keoghan from Threecastles. A sister of hers was the mother of the famous Grace family, which was to garner fifteen All-Ireland medals in all. A cousin was Jack Keoghan, who won five All-Irelands with Sim Walton’s team. Jer Doheny, who captained the first All-Ireland winning team, was also a cousin. The pedigree was without doubt right.

Henry Meagher was a good friend of Tullaroan hurling. One of his fields was the practice ground where many a Tullaroan man first got the feel of the hurling stick. Even in Sim Walton’s time such was the security of tenure of the club there, that the man who learned how to win seven All-Irelands on its broad acres refers to it as ‘the sports field.’ But the provision of a practice ground was not by any means Henry’s only contribution to the club. Financially, and otherwise, he was ever there to help, and it was said of him that he never waited to be asked for aid - he was always endeavouring to assist the efforts of the little village.

Whatever the arguments for and against Henry Meagher’s attendance at Thurles on that November day, what is certain is that his sons inherited their father’s nationalist principles and sporting instincts. There were four of them in family. Lory was probably the most famous of the quartet and I shall deal with him later. Henry, who was born in 1902, was rated by the late Paddy Phelan, himself one of the outstanding half-backs in the game, as prolific a scorer as Mick Mackey. But Henry went to America in 1928 and his services were lost to Kilkenny. He married Kathleen Kirby of Carrick-on-Suir and died in 1982. He had the unique if, perhaps, doubtful distinction of having played with Mooncoin against Tullaroan in a county final. He was home on leave from the Irish Army and hadn’t been chosen on the Tullaroan side.

Willie, the first child, who was born in 1895, and Frank, who was born in 1897, played during the 1920’s. Willie was on the team beaten by Cork in the 1926 All-Ireland final. Kilkenny were offered a walk-over in that game but declined to take it. The Munster championship was delayed because of the three-match marathon between Cork and Tipperary, which Cork won. The latter were unable to meet the deadline fixed for the final. They asked Kilkenny to agree to a postponement, which was granted.

Henry Meagher had four daughters also. Kitty, Catherine, who was born in 1896, married Tom Hogan and they had two sons. One died and the surviving son, Dan, is the only male descendant of Henry’s. Elizabeth, born in 1898, became a nurse and died in 1987. Rose Angela, who was born in 1906, also became a nurse and died in 1984. Mary Agnes, who was born in 1901, married Ned Hogan and they had a daughter. She died in 1978. Willie, the oldest of the boys, married but there were no children. He inherited the home place and died in 1957 Frank became a priest, ministered in Australia, became Dean of a diocese and was buried there in 1971. Henry, as was said above, emigrated to America, married and had one daughter, Betty, who lives in New York. He won a Railway Cup medal in 1927. He died in the U.S. in 1982

Lory never married. It wasn’t that he hadn’t admirers. According to Martin White, he had a load of them. One of them was a girl called Bridie Walsh, who lived on a farm in the neighbourhood. She attended many matches with him, but they never married. She eventually married and died in Killarney in 1997. Her daughter, Dolores Daly, told me her mother spoke a lot about Lory. They were sweethearts and Lory shyly hinted marriage at one stage. But he was a very shy person and the hint never became a formal proposal. Although Bridie was very fond of him, her daughter believes she was intent on leaving the land and living in the city… She went on to marry a Tom Croke from Grawn, Ballingarry. He was a radio officer and returned to land to become the first radio officer appointed at Shannon Airport. But Bridie Walsh never lost interest in Lory. She went to many All-Irelands. She spoke to her daughter about him. She kept a picture of him in a Kilkenny team hanging on the wall. Since her death her daughter has found a small photograph of Lory among her effects. Before she died she visited the museum in Tullaroan and after her name in the visitor’s book, she wrote ‘an old sweetheart.’

Apart from his shyness, nobody has satisfactorily answered the question why he never married. The simple answer might be that he was married to hurling. It is true that some of the great hurling families shied away from marriage. One of the best examples is the Leahy family of Tipperary. There were five boys in that family and three of them remained unmarried. Johnny, the most famous and the captain of two All-Ireland winning teams, had the independence of being his own boss on a farm and never married. Neither did Paddy or Tommy.

In Lory’s case there was the added factor that he was only the second in command on the farm. Willie was the eldest and he was married in the home place. This may have inhibited him from taking the plunge. Amazingly, when Willie died in 1957 his widow and Lory lived on working the farm. Then after a number of years she decided to return to her folks and left Lory with the farm.. He might have got married then but didn’t. A reason given was his devotion to his mother. He continued to look after her for a long time. Dan Hogan recalls how he, and his late brother, Henry, used to visit Curragh to stay with his mother while Lory cycled the eight miles to Kilkenny to attend a meeting of Kilkenny County Board at the Central Hotel. Perhaps by the time of her death he believed the time had passed him by and he decided to remain a bachelor.

Lory, who was christened Lorenzo Ignatius, was born in Curragh, Tullaroan, on September 16, 1899. (This lecture was originally intended for yesterday week but I convinced Dan Hogan that a Friday would be a better date. However, September 17 coincided with a big wedding in the parish and it was deemed inappropriate to clash with it. So, we are celebrating the centenary of his birth eight days late.). An unusual christian name but one which was a tradition in the Meagher family. A grand uncle of Lory’s, he was a naval doctor, was also named Lorenzo. The tradition held that a family ancestor of that name came from Italy or Spain. He was known to all as Lory, pronounced ‘Low-ry’ in Tullaroan but ‘Lowery’ outside the parish. Some people thought initially that his name was ‘Glory’ and, of course, how right they were! The Meaghers were substantial farmers, farming about 130 acres of good land and living in a two storey, thatched, 18th century farmhouse. With his siblings Lory attended the local national school, where Danny Brennan was principal and Mrs. O’Neill was his assistant. There was a boys’ and a girls’ school under the same roof.

Christopher Walshe, already referred to, who was somewhat younger than Lory, grew up in the neighbouring townsland of Trenchardstown and had this to say about his boyhood: ‘As young boys we played hurling every evening during the summer months in a field owned by our next door neighbour and kinsman, Jackie Walshe. The farm had been divided between two brothers in an earlier generation. Jack’s name was a legend in Tullaroan and Kilkenny hurling lore. Neighbouring boys who played hurling with us were the Purcells from Killahy, the Teehan brothers from New England, all great hurlers later on, Paddy Hoyne, Matty Duggan, another character, and Dan Webster, another great hurler later on.

‘I remember Jackie Walshe would join us often with his hurley. His skill with the hurley and sliotar was always apparent. Another famous hurler who often dropped in on the evening’s hurling was the renowned Lory Meagher, who lived only a short distance away at Curragh. All us young lads at the time were in awe of his skill and control of the hurling ball. Little did we realise then that we were in the presence of one of the most famous players ever to grace a hurling field.’

The parish of Tullaroan, in which Lory grew up, is a farming community with a strong tradition of hurling. In 1988, two local farmers, Paddy Clohessy and Liam Kennedy, decided to become team selectors and name their club’s team of the century. The result - the fifteen chosen were holders of a staggering forty-five All-Ireland medals. It’s relevant to give the fifteen because many of them are household names.


Pat ‘Fox’ Maher (1)

Jack Keoghan (5) Tommy Grace (0) Jack Hoyne (2)

Dan Kennedy (6) Dick Grace (5) Paddy Phelan (4)

Lory Meagher (3) Dr. Pierse Grace (3) + 2F

Sean Clohesy (1) Henry Meagher (0) Martin White (3)

Tom Walton (1) Sim Walton (7) Jer Doheny (1)

 

There was no place on that team for such talent as Rev. Frank Meagher, Willie Meagher, Billy Burke of the 1939 team, John Holohan of the 1922 team, Paddy Walsh of the 1931 team, Jim Hogan, Ned Teehan, who played in six All-Irelands, or Paddy Malone, who captained Kilkenny in 1949. What I’m implying is that there was so much talent in the parish there had to be such omissions.

In such a rich hurling melieu was Lory to develop and come to manhood. From the pictures of Lory that have survived from the days of his prime, he comes across as a lean angular man. Jimmy Walsh of Hugginstown described him thus in 1973 about the time of his death: ‘He was a tall, lean man with square shoulders but one thing that made him so recognisable from his team mates was that he always wore the jersey outside the togs, be it black and amber or white with a green sash, and strange to say it always looked well that way on him. His duels with Jimmy Walsh, Carrickshock in Shefflin’s Field at Ballyhale were a treat to behold.’

Another description of him was as follows: ‘Nothing was impossible for Lory Meagher when he was at his peak. Usually a centrefield player does not score often during a hurling game, but this rule did not apply to the hurler from Tullaroan. With long effective strokes, as straight as a bullet out of a gun, he caused the flags to be raised often and fast and, as sure as Easter falls on Sunday, he shook the net with the sliotar when most often needed. Lory was also a hurler who never stooped to ‘dirty’ play and even in the toughest encounters he played, as always, honestly and skillfully. He was a man of slender build without any extra flesh but still he had a great capacity for capturing the sliotar in a tough corner, and as for his speed, Caoilte Mac Ronain of the Fianna would not outpace him.’

In his book, A Lifetime in Hurling, contemporary Tipperary hurler, Tommy Doyle, chose Lory Meagher at centrefield, with Jim Hurley of Cork, in his best fifteen hurlers. He had this to say: ‘Lory Meagher was one of the greatest hurlers Kilkenny ever produced. When the occasion demanded few hurlers could rise to the same brilliancy as the Tullaroan captain, and for a period of ten years or so he inspired his county to many notable triumphs. It is the exception rather than the rule to see midfielders figure high in the scoring list in any match. But Lory Meagher needed only the slightest opening at midfield and he could notch points from the most difficult angles. And, as often as not, his long drives found the net at a vital stage of a championship game. Built on light wiry lines, he was a grand, crisp striker, with a skill and ash style all his own.’

And Padraig Puirseal, already mentioned, had this to say of Lory: ‘He was a slight, lithe young man, with the power of his hurling already in wrist and forearm, an easy grace in his every movement on the field, and a remarkable sense of position and anticipation that made it look as though he could attract the ball to wherever he happened to be. He made hurling expertise look simple.’

‘There was Lory as I remember him first in the days when all the world was young, tall and slight, lithe and lissom, his flashing caman weaving spells around bemused Dubliners on a sunny Maytime Sunday at the Old Barrett’s Park in New Ross, long, long ago. Or memories of Meagher on that same playing field in 1929, playing such hurling in torrential rain that men said afterwards, as they splashed down the hilly road by the Three Bullets Gate, that Lory could talk to the ball and make the ball talk to him.’

On a personal level, I was very young when I first heard the name Lory Meagher and, if I remember correctly, I heard of him as Lory in ‘Over the bar, Lory.’ I always associated him with scoring points and put him in the same league as Jimmy Kennedy, Liam Devaney or Jimmy Doyle. I never did discover very much else about the player until the time the Team of the Century was announced in 1984. It came then as a surprise to find Lory picked at centrefield and only then did I learn it was in that position that he reigned supreme. He was a scoring centrefield player at a time when centrefield play was much more important than today. Because the ball didn’t travel as far as it does today, the puckouts landed in the centre of the field rather than on the forty or further on. To have a player who could catch the puckout and send it over the bar was a major asset to a team. Or. more often, Lory doubled on the ball, sending it on its way to the forward line. He always kept the two hands on the hurley and expounded that theory in training. This is what Lory was capable of doing and it made him unique in his time.

One surprising thing about Lory’s career is the lateness at which he arrived on the scene. Born in 1899, he made his first appearance for Kilkenny against Dublin in the Leinster final of 1924. He would then have been in his twenty-fifth year. Kilkenny lost by 3-4 to 1-3. Lory did not score. He was to turn out for the black and amber until 1937, when he went on as a substitute in the All-Ireland final at Killarney. During his career he won five county finals with Tullaroan, in 1924, 1925, 1930, 1933 and 1934. He won three All-Irelands, in 1932, 1933 and 1935 and was on the losing side in 1926, 1931, 1936 and 1937. He won two Railway Cup medals, in 1927 and 1933.

A curious stroke of fortune marked his introduction to inter-provincial honours and finally set him on the path to hurling fame. It was in the Railway Cup semi-final of 1927 between Leinster and Connacht, played at Portlaoise. He described what happened in a newspaper interview: ‘I was not on the Leinster team but I was brought to Portlaoise by one of the players, who got me a place on the team. I played the game of my life that day. I held my place for the final against Munster on St. Patrick’s Day, but my good friend lost his. Leinster won by 1-11 to 2-6.’ Some might say a small enough return for such a superb talent. Because of his injury in the second game against Cork in 1931 he lost out on selection on the victorious Leinster team in 1932.

One of the reasons proposed for Lory’s late arrival on the inter-county scene was the precarious state of club senior hurling in the years following the Rising. The 1916 championship wasn’t completed until August 24, 1919. The final was played at Knocktopher and Mooncoin defeated Tullaroan by 5-2 to 2-3 in a replay. There was no championship in 1917 and 1918 and these years were combined with the 1916 championship. The championship of 1919 was declared null and void when Tullaroan and Mooncoin could not agree on a venue. There was no championship from 1920 to 1922. The final of the 1923 championship, in which Dicksboro defeated Mooncoin, wasn’t played until October 19, 1924. The final of the 1924 championship was played on March 22, 1925. In an interview Lory stated: ‘I was put on the senior team right away and I won my first county championship in 1924. Since Lory made his first inter-county appearance in the Leinster championship of 1924, played in the same year, it would appear that the player had come to the eyes of the selectors before he won his first county championship. Even so, he was still 25 years old. There is a suggestion that he may have made his first appearance with his club in 1919, in the final of the 1916 championship. Because of the difficulties in running the championship during these years, Lory wouldn’t have got many opportunities to declare his wares until 1923-24. Tullaroan didn’t feature in the 1923 final which was played in October 1924. They were beaten by Mooncoin in the semi-final the previous month. There is also a suggestion that he had a polio attack in the early twenties, which may have halted his hurling development.

As stated above Lory made his debut for the county in the 1924 championship, when Kilkenny lost to Dublin. In 1925 Laois were beaten and Kilkenny lost to Dublin in the Leinster final. The loser’s objection was upheld and Kilkenny went on to contest the All-Ireland semi-final against Galway. The selectors made a decision which turned out to be disastrous. Following Mick Burke's poor display against Dublin they dropped him and recalled John T. Power. The Piltown man had not played since he went on as a substitute for Burke in the 1920 Leinster final. Power at this time was out of hurling for years and was around 43 years of age. He was picked on form shown with the 1904-13 team against the current side in a benefit game for Matt Gargan. Galway scored a decisive 9-4 to 6-0 victory.

Kilkenny hoped that the worm would turn in the 1926 championship. There was great interest in the meeting of Kilkenny and Dublin at New Ross, as a result of the objection of the previous year. Matty Power, a stalwart of Kilkenny hurling, threw in his lot with Dublin as a result of joining the Gardai in 1925. Kilkenny survived by the minimum of margins in a close, exciting game. Lory contributed 1-3 to Kilkenny’s total, his goal coming from a free. After the excitement of this victory the Leinster final against Offaly was a tame affair, which Kilkenny won easily.

Kilkenny had lost to Galway in the 1923 and 1925 semi-finals but they survived on this occasion. (It should have been Munster’s turn to play Galway but, because of the delay in the Munster championship, it fell to Kilkenny to play the Connaght representatives.) It was a game of goals, 6-2 for Kilkenny and 5-1 for Galway. John Roberts got five of Kilkenny’s, the other was got by Wedger Brennan. Lory had a quiet day. The All-Ireland final wasn’t played until October 24 because of the marathon Munster final between Cork and Tipperary. Kilkenny gave a disappointing display and the forwards made little headway. The first half was even enough with Cork holding an interval lead of one point but Kilkenny slumped in the second half, going down to a twelve point defeat on a scoreline of 4-6 to 2-0. Few Kilkenny players performed well. Lory was one of the few exceptions.

The defeat must have been galling for the Meagher family. There were three members on the team. As well as Lory, Willie played in the full-back line and Henry in the full-forward line.

There was little joy in 1927. Easy wins against Laois and Offaly put Kilkenny in confident form going into the Leinster final against Dublin in Croke Park. They had a disastrous first half and were behind by twenty points at the interval. They rallied in the second half but were ten points behind Dublin at the final whistle. As well as Matty Power, a second Kilkenny man, the famous Jim ‘Builder’ Walsh, helped Dublin to victory.

Defeat in the first round was Kilkenny’s lot in 1928. They were beaten by Dublin in the first round. There was dissent in the camp because of a dispute between Dicksboro and Tullaroan. The losers fielded without the Tullaroan players, including Lory. Neither did the team do any training together in preparation for the game and failed to last the pace.

There was some better luck in 1929. Kilkenny found it difficult to beat Meath in the first round, with Jack Duggan and Lory Meagher finding it difficult to get on top at midfield. Kilkenny played Dublin in the Leinster final. There was still dissent in the camp. The Dicksboro club, which had three players on the team and three substitutes, asked their players not to play because they disagreed with the selection committee’s choice. The dispute caused a delay in taking the field. Kilkenny won by 3-5 to 2-6 but Dublin objected on the grounds that Kilkenny were late taking the field. The referee reported that they were seventeen minutes late, but Dublin were also late. The final was declared null and void.

Kilkenny were nominated for the All-Ireland semi-final against Galway at Birr. Whether upset by the Dublin objection or because of overconfidence, or, as suggested by The Kilkenny Journal, that a few of the players were under the influence, Kilkenny produced a lifeless performance. They led at half-time but fell away completely in the second half and were beaten by six points. Lory was mentioned in despatches as one of Kilkenny’s better players.

Kilkenny reached a kind a nadir in their hurling existence in 1930 when they suffered one of their rare championship defeats at the hands of Laois in the Leinster semi-final. Their forwards could make no impression. They led by five points at half-time but Laois stormed back in the second half to win by two points. This defeat, however, was to be an unlikely prelude to a great thirties during which the county was to win four All-Irelands and seven Leinster titles.

In September 1930 Lory Meagher celebrated his thirty-first birthday. Many hurlers of that age would be retiring or, at least, have thoughts in that direction. Had Lory taken that route he would probably have gone down in the history books as another good player from the parish of Tullaroan, but he would have been one of many. He wouldn’t have much to show in the line of achievements. He had a Leinster medal from 1925, won in the boardroom rather than on the field of play. He had another medal from 1926, which was won easily against Offaly. He had another victory in 1929 but no medal to show for it. He had a Railway Cup medal for 1927, although he hadn’t originally been picked to play on the team. He had played in one All-Ireland.

His achievements reflected the state of the game in Kilkenny during the twenties. The county won one All-Ireland, beating Tipperary in 1922. They were beaten in one in 1926 and were beaten in three All-Ireland semi-finals, in 1923, 1925 and 1929. In short five Leinster finals brought one All-Ireland success during the course of the decade. The thirties were to bring a dramatic improvement.

When we think about the thirties we remember the period as Limerick’s greatest hurling era; but during the same decade Kilkenny wrote one of the finest chapters in its hurling history. A glance at the record puts the decade in perspective. In the ten years from 1931 to 1940 Kilkenny played in eight All-Irelands, winning four. After the marathon against Cork in 1931, they won three in the following four years and then lost two on the trot. They came back to win in 1939 and lose in 1940 to finish a glorious period. During the same time Limerick played in five All-Irelands, winning three. Two of these victories were over Kilkenny, and their two defeats were by the same team.

It was in the National League that Limerick reigned supreme. In fact the great Kilkenny-Limerick rivalry may be said to have started with the National League final of 1932/33, which the Noresiders won decisively by 3-8 to 1-3. Following that defeat Limerick were to record five consecutive victories in the competition, while Kilkenny had no further success.

There is no doubt about the dominance of the two teams. Dublin was the only other Leinster team to appear in an All-Ireland, losing in 1934 and winning in 1938. Cork won in 1931 but lost in 1939. Three other Munster teams made it to All-Ireland day: Tipperary did so successfully in 1937, but Clare in 1932 and Waterford in 1938 fell at the final hurdle.

Limerick’s dominance in the National League left meagre pickings for other teams. Cork won twice, and Galway and Dublin each had victories. Tipperary were on the losing end on four occasions.

The thirties is a fascinating period. It seems as if Limerick won the publicity war. The team strides across the decade like a colossus, larger than life and built in the heroic mould.. They are led by a giant named Mackey and at their best they are unstoppable. They excite the public and they are great showmen. They win leagues and All-Irelands and build churches all over the place. They win five of the ten Munster finals, four of them in a row from 1933 to 1936 inclusive.

Kilkenny were less flamboyant. They did things on a quieter note. I suppose the contrast between the personalities of Mick Mackey and Lory Meagher reflects the differences between the teams. While Limerick might have been doing things dramatically, Kilkenny were doing them effectively. And, they were an effective force during the decade, winning eight Leinster titles, - the two that escaped them were lost in replays, - and four All-Irelands. It appears to me as if Kilkenny felt a certain envy at the publicity Limerick drew on themselves. There is a newspaper quotation from 1935 which reflects this feeling. Limerick were favourites for this final, being All-Ireland champions. In a terrific struggle Kilkenny won by a point and were ecstatic. The Kilkenny Post was triumphant. Its headline blared: ‘Limerick forced to acknowledge defeat.’ The report added: ‘Kilkenny’s hurling idols have carried the day. The very laws of nature have been defied. The veterans, the stale champions of 1933, have rocked the Gaelic world to its foundations with an amazing comeback, a glorious and memorable victory. Tradition has been upheld, nay, enriched, a thousand-fold and the children of Clann na nGaedhael worship at the shrine of Kilkenny - the nation’s greatest hurlers.’

So, if Lory’s successes were poor during the twenties, he was to garner a rich harvest during the thirties. Success came in 1931. Kilkenny beat Wexford, Meath and Laois to take the Leinster final. They beat Galway convincingly in the All-Ireland semi-final on a day of wind and rain. Lory gave a star performance.

Cork were the opponents in the final on the first Sunday in September. It was a rousing match which enthralled the spectators. The first half was closely contested, with a goal from ‘Gah’ Aherne helping Cork to a half-time lead of 1-3 to 0-2. Cork stretched the advantage to six points in the second half, but Kilkenny came storming back with a goal and then four points on the trot to take the lead by one point. In the dying moments Eudie Coughlan got possession and made his way towards the goal. As he did so he slipped and fell but struck the ball while he was down on his knees, and it went over the bar for the equalising point.

The replay five weeks later was a superb game and was voted by many the greatest hurling exhibition of all time.. The radio broadcast of the drawn game by P. D. Mehigan had increased interest and swelled the attendance. Cork got off to a great start and led by 2-4 to 1-3 at the break. In the second half Kilkenny drew level and went ahead and again the Leesiders had to get the final score, as on the first day, to level the match at 2-5 each, the equaliser being their only score in the second half.

Even greater interest was generated by the second replay, which became a talking-point throughout the length and breadth of the country. At a meeting of the Central Council it was suggested that the two counties be declared joint champions, but this proposal was defeated by ten votes to six, and November 1 was fixed for the replay.

As it was now November, the crowd was somewhat down on the second game, to thirty-two thousand. Many supporters said they weren’t going to the match because Lory wasn’t playing. When the county board heard this they had Lory appear at the station with hurley and boots the day before the match, even though he had no chance of playing. Some people who were taken in by this ruse never forgave the county board. Kilkenny were severely handicapped. As well as missing their captain, Paddy Larkin and Lory, Dick Morrissey were also out because of injury. Kilkenny kept pace with Cork for about forty minutes of the game but collapsed after that and Cork ran out easy winners, by 5-8 to 3-4.

Dinny Barry Murphy’s comment on these notable tussles was that he thought the second match was the fastest he ever played in. ‘To tell you the truth,’ he said, I was dazed with the speed at which that ball was moved and I found it hard to even think.’ And that came from a man about whom this piece of doggerel was written:

Dinny Barry Murphy, boy,
Great hurler, boy! 
He’d take the ball out of your eye, boy,
And he wouldn’t hurt a fly, boy! 

Eudie Coughlan, whose contribution on the days was enormous, later stated: ‘Kilkenny were a young team coming along that year. We were old and experienced, nearing the end of our tether if you like. I think that was one of the main reasons that Cork won.’ How right he was! During the remainder of the decade Kilkenny went on to win four All-Irelands, while Cork’s name does not appear once on the roll of champions.

Lory became a national hero during these epic games. He scored three points of the 1-6 in the first game and four points of the 2-5 in the second game. His loss on the third day was incalculable. Padraig Puirseal takes up the story: ‘Lory Meagher did not achieve nationwide renown until Kilkenny and Cork met three times in the famed 1931 final. He starred in the first game, a game featured by patches of brilliant hurling, in which many critics felt that the relatively inexperienced men in black and amber had missed an opportunity of springing a surprise on the seasoned opposition. Even still, after almost half a century, old-time hurling followers go into nostalgic raptures about the first replay when two great teams again finished level. Through a tense, thrilling second half, Meagher was a dominant figure, his ball-control, the style and accuracy of his striking, his uncanny sense of anticipation never more evident.

’That evening and through the ensuing weeks, Lory Meagher’s name rang around Ireland. And then the sad news broke. Because of rib injuries Meagher would be unable to take the field in the second replay. Undaunted, Kilkenny made a brief bid to achieve victory, even without his inspiration. They led Cork for forty minutes but then, as the tide of battle rolled against them, they began to fall away. In the closing stages a Kilkenny player retired injured and all eyes turned towards the bench where the reserves sat, while a wail arose from Noreside supporters: ‘Lory, Lory’, they called and there was the start of an abortive cheer when a becapped figure in black and amber came bounding onto the field.

‘Alas, the spectators quickly realised that the newcomer was not Meagher and I can still see him in my mind’s eye, as I saw him then in his best suit, hunched and bowed on the touchline seat, white-knuckled hands clasped tightly on a hurley, tears running down his cheeks because he could not answer his county’s urgent call.’

Maybe a bit exaggerated, definitely a colour piece of writing with echoes of the dying Cuchulainn breaking through. Exaggerated or not it does appear as if Lory was transformed, as a result of his displays in the drawn game and the first replay, from a Tullaroan and Kilkenny player to one of national stature. After this he was in a super league of heroes, which would include Mick Mackey and Christy Ring. He became a household name and his fame was such that when the Team of the Century was picked, over fifty years later, in 1984, he got more votes than any other player for the centrefield position..

How did Lory’s ribs get broken? I asked Martin White and he thought the question surprising. If he knew he wasn’t prepared to tell me. Obviously the name of the player responsible was known. We should have no problem today with our instant action replay. In an interview with John D, Hickey, Lory had this to say: ‘In that game I hurled for fifty-five minutes with three broken ribs and hardly knew it. The mishap happened under the Hogan Stand when I got possession of the ball and as soon as I did a second Cork man came up to tackle me, charged me and I went down.

‘Dick Grace came over to me and after a while I got up and scored a point from the free that we got for the foul. I continued to the end and despite my injuries, I look back with most pleasure on that match.’

The last sentence is significant. If he looked back ‘with most pleasure on that match’, it must have been because of his display. It satisfied him completely and it made him a hero among his supporters. In that game he reached the peak point of his form and set the seal of greatness on a colourful hurling career.

But, to return to the injury. It happened in the opening minutes of the game. This is confirmed by another statement made by Lory in the above interview: ‘In that game I hurled for fifty-five minutes with three broken ribs and hardly knew it.’ That statement makes his performance all the more amazing.

So, who was the guilty party and was the tackle a deliberate one to take Lory out of the game? The most likely culprits were the Cork midfield pair of Jim Hurley and his partner Micka O’Connell. It has taken me some time to find out the player responsible. There is a code of silence, a kind of omerta, on the subject among those who might know or to whom the information has been passed down. After a lot of digging I’m fairly certain the man was Cork centre-back, Jim O’Regan. The story goes that on their way on to the field O’Regan said to Hurley: ‘We’ve got to do something about Lory.’ He had dazzled them with his play in the first game and was their greatest threat.

There is another significance to this injury. Key players attract close attention from opponents. Sometimes the attention borders on the illegal or spills over into unacceptable behaviour. Lory must have been open to such treatment and yet, with the exception of the incident in the first replay, he does not appear to have suffered many injuries. Martin White told me he wasn’t a marked man, as one might have imagined him to be. And sometimes the treatment of star players is more severe at club level than at intercounty level. In another interview Lory expressed the opinion that in spite of his many strenuous inter-county battles, the hardest games he ever played were in the county championships. ‘In inter-county games,’ he pointed out, you meet the cream of each county’s talent, but in local games you are up against every type of hurler.’ A very revealing statement I would suggest!

The year 1932 was going to bring Lory the kind of reward he deserved and for which he waited so long. Victories over Meath and Laois brought Kilkenny to a Leinster final against Dublin. In a great decider Kilkenny came through by four points and qualified to meet Clare in the All-Ireland final. The Banner were making their first appearance since 1914. With twenty minutes to go Kilkenny led by 3-2 to 0-3, their third goal coming from a sideline cut by Lory, which was finished to the net by Martin White. Clare staged a great rally and reduced the margin to two points. In a last desperate effort Clare launched another attack. Their star forward, Tull Considine, got through and seemed set for a goal but Podge Byrne came out of nowhere, tackled Considine and put him off his shot, which went wide.. In the remaining time Kilkenny got a point to win by a goal. Lory played his best game of the year. Clare took their defeat sportingly and invited the Kilkenny team and officials to their banquet in Barry’s Hotel. Here the players mingled in a friendly atmosphere.

Kilkenny were clear favourites for the All-Ireland in 1933, following their win in the National League final. They qualified for the Leinster final after beating Meath. This game was played at Wexford Park against Dublin and was a remarkable decider. Kilkenny were outpaced and out-manoeuvred in the first half and Dublin led by 5-4 to 2-1 at the interval. The second half was in complete contrast with Kilkenny sweeping all before them. With ten minutes to go the sides were level, the equalising point coming from Lory. However, Dublin went ahead again by a point. Then Kilkenny got a free and the Dublin defenders probably thought Lory would go for a point to level the scores. But Lory, seeing an opening, crashed the ball into the net to take the lead. In the remaining minutes Kilkenny got two more scores to win handsomely by 7-5 to 5-5. In the semi-final at Birr, Galway went into an early lead but two goals from Lory from frees put Kilkenny into the lead by half-time. They eventually won by 5-10 to 3-8 with Lory’s contribution outstanding.

The All-Ireland final was a repeat of the league final and Limerick were determined to reverse that result. The biggest crowd (45,176) up to then to see a hurling or a football All-Ireland, packed Croke Park. The gates were locked long before the game started and thousands more were left outside. The game was played at a breathless pace, full of grimness and determination. It was very close, with the sides locked at four points each at the interval. The game remained close in the second half until a goal by Johnny Dunne put light between the teams for the first time and gave Kilkenny victory by 1-7 to 0-6. Lory was not as prominent as usual and scored a point. It was a great victory for Kilkenny but particularly for their magnificent defence.

There was a check to the forward march of Kilkenny hurling in 1934. They beat Laois in the first round and then went on a six weeks tour of the USA. Lory’s name had gone before him and he got the headlines, as the newspapers cashed in on his fame to generate publicity. There is one story told of Lory during his time on the tour. The party were at Coney Island one day and amongst a host of attractions there was a chap on the beach with buckets of golf balls and drivers. Customers teed up and belted balls to sea. Closely woven nets were spread out over a 200 yard X 100 yard area out to sea and you paid your fee and belted balls towards the horizon. Lory, among others, was curious and lined up. He never had a golf club in his hand before. After he had hit a dozen balls well beyond the limit of the nets the guy turned to him and said: ‘So, you’re a professional - where do you play?’ It’s not recorded if Lory replied: ‘Tullaroan.’ 

Kilkenny came back to the Leinster final against Dublin. It was another sensational game. Dublin led by six points at half-time and by eight with five minutes to go. But, with their supporters leaving the field, Kilkenny staged a great rally which yielded three goals to take the lead, Dublin needed a Tommy Treacy point from a free to level. Lory was one of Kilkenny’s heroes on the day. Portlaoise was again the venue for the replay. Kilkenny were very bad in the first half, failing to raise a flag, while Dublin scored 3-3. The hoped-for rally in the second half didn’t materialise and Kilkenny were beaten by six points and failed in their bid to record four Leinster titles in a row. The losers made a tactical error by opting to play against the wind in the first half. It died down after the interval.

The good times for Kilkenny and Lory returned in 1935. Lory was also captain, as a result of Tullaroan’s defeat of Carrickshock in the 1934 final. It was his fifth county final, the earlier wins coming in 1924, 1925, 1930 and 1933. Offaly were easily beaten in the Leinster semi-final. Laois, who had surprisingly beaten Dublin in the other semi-final, gave a spirited performance for about three-quarters of the final before going down to a superior Kilkenny side. There was an easy victory over Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final at Birr.

It was Kilkenny and Limerick for the All-Ireland final. A record number of 45,591 spectators turned up for the game, which was played in a steady downpour. In spite of the difficult conditions the players served up a magnificent exhibition of hurling, and the match stands out as one of the greatest finals ever played. There was fierce rivalry between these teams by this stage. They had been vying for honours since 1933. They knew one another inside out. They had divided successes and failures. Many of the players had also encountered each other on opposite sides in the Railway Cup. One such set of opponents was Mickey Crosse and Johnny Dunne. The Kilkenny side was expressed in the cant: Why was Mickey Crosse? Answer: When he saw Johnny Dunne! The Limerick version was: Why was Johnny Dunne? When he saw Mickey Crosse! In that encounter in 1935 they tore skelps off each other. A friend of mine who was present at the game as a young fellow, sitting with his father in the Canal End, with a close-up of this intense duel remembers the blood streaming down Mickey Crosse’s face from a blow on the forehead, the whole scene made almost horrific by the rain washing the blood on to the jersey. And, not to be outdone, Johnny Dunne had an injury on the back of his head, which also bled profusely, again exaggerated by the rain. He recalls the only treatment Dunne gave his wound was to drag his cap back over it, to staunch the flow.

Limerick took an early lead but Kilkenny came back and were a point in front at the interval, 1-3 to 1-2. Early in the second half Limerick levelled, but then Kilkenny went in front and had a five-point advantage with fifteen minutes to go. The last quarter was breathtaking as Limerick sought to reduce the lead. A Mick Mackey free was rushed to the net; another point followed and in a welter of excitement during the dying minutes, Limerick fought for another score and Kilkenny defended doggedly. In the end the Noresiders got the verdict by the smallest of margins, 2-5 to 2-4. Tommy Leahy, Lory’s partner at centrefield, got man of the match. He had received good assistance from Lory, who contributed a point to his side’s total, but his overall contribution was impressive. Padraig Puirseal was very impressed: ‘But for me, as for many another, Meagher’s finest hour did not arrive until the final of 1935, in the autumn of his distinguished hurling career. Kilkenny started that day rank outsiders against Limerick, the reigning champions, then on the surge of successes. Hurling fans thronged Croke Park for what promised to be a classic confrontation between the old champions and the new . . . and then the rains came, and in torrents. It was not, one would have thought, a day when a stylist like Meagher could use his unique talents and subtle touches to best effect; yet, if ever he taught a sliotar to obey his every wish, it was on that September Sunday of 1935; he guided that sodden ball over the rain-drenched sod and wherever he willed. His amazing ball-control under such conditions foiled Limerick time and again around midfield, while his shrewd and accurate passes to his forwards forged the second-half winning scores, despite all Mick Mackey’s herculean efforts to cancel them. It was a heart-stopping finish with Lory captaining Kilkenny to one of its greatest victories.’ 

As captain Lory was presented with the cup. On the following evening he led the victorious Kilkenny team in a victory parade through the city. He was the only Tullaroan man to receive the McCarthy Cup. Two other Tullaroan men captained All-Ireland winning teams before the McCarthy Cup was presented for the first time in the 1923 All-Ireland, Jer Doheny, when Kilkenny won their first All-Ireland in 1904, and Sim Walton, who was the successful captain in 1911 and 1912. 

Kilkenny were in great form in the semi-final of the 1936 Leinster championship, beating Dublin by 20 points. In a dogged Leinster final, Laois were overcome and Kilkenny qualified for another tilt with Limerick in the All-Ireland final. A crowd of over fifty thousand, more than was to attend the football All-Ireland, packed into Croke Park on September 6. Limerick determination was at its height. The first half produced a game in keeping with previous clashes, and Limerick had a two point advantage at half-time. In the second half Limerick took over and their superiority was unquestioned. They swept aside the Kilkenny challenge, which could muster only a point in the half, and were in front by 5-6 to 1-5 at the final whistle. Few Kilkenny players added to their reputations.

Lory’s impact on the Kilkenny team had been getting more muted during the previous year. He was picked for the opening games of the 1937 championship. Dublin were beaten in the semi-final and surprise packets, Westmeath, making their first and last appearance in a Leinster final, were overcome in the final minutes of the Leinster final. For the semi-final against Galway at Birr, Lory was among the substitutes, the first time for him to find himself there since 1924. Kilkenny won by a couple of points and qualified to play Tipperary in the final at Killarney. Work had begun in February 1936 on a development in Croke Park which involved the terracing of Hill 16 and the erection of a new double-decker stand to be named in memory of Michael Cusack, but a two-month strike prevented the work being completed by the contract date of August 1937. Killarney was chosen as the alternative venue. Kilkenny were a veteran side but nobody expected their performance to be as poor on the day. For the forty-three thousand who attended, the game could hardly have been worse. It was too one-sided to draw even a decent cheer. From the start Kilkenny were beaten all over the place, and the final score was 3-11 to 0-3 in favour of Tipperary.

Lory came on as a sub, and his appearance was to be his last in the black and amber, the colours he had worn with such distinction since 1924. Although he played his part it was evident that his youthful speed was gone and that age was taking its toll. His arrival may have done nothing to change the direction of the game but he got Kilkenny’s only second-half score. He got a free, tried for a goal as was his wont, and it was saved at the expense of a point. Lory was just two weeks short of his 38th birthday. He must hold the record with Frank Cummins of being the oldest centrefield players to play in an All-Ireland.

Lory retired from hurling after the debacle in Killarney but he never lost his interest in the game, the G.A.A. and, in fact, all things Irish. Looking back on his achievements it might be said he didn’t get the reward his talent deserved. He played in seven All-Irelands and lost four. He should have been good enough for the 1922 team, having been 22 years old at the time. He was probably unfortunate to be in his prime at a time when Kilkenny hurling was unsuccessful. There were ten years between 1922 and 1932 during which Kilkenny went without an All-Ireland success. They were the prime years in Lory’s life. According to Martin White he wasn’t recognised until he was past his prime. Had he lived in the decade from 1903 to 1913 what a difference there would have been! 

Where did Lory’s greatness lie? Moondharrig, a contemporary hurling commentator, said of him: ‘Meagher was the stylist of the hurling fields, not alone in the hey-day of his career, the late ‘20’s and early ‘30’s, but possibly in our life-times. Certainly no sweeter striker of the ball has graced the senior championship for Meagher was equally effective off the ground or in the air, from play or from the side-placed ball. Because of the remarkable power that he carried in his forearms, Meagher was a master of the short-swing, the kind of push stroke that we see all too seldom nowadays, when the wide-open all-round swing, which was the hall-mark of what we used to call the ‘five-acre field’ hurler, and which can so easily be hooked from behind seems to have become the accepted practice even among All-Ireland stars.’ Moondharrig continues: ‘Striking a ball from his hand in open ground or from a placed-ball lift, Lory Meagher had the perfect swing and what a pity it is that it was never preserved on film as a model for a new generation.

‘But, especially in the later years of his career, he was a master of the side-line cut, as Clare and Limerick found to their cost in All-Ireland finals. From a touch-line ball out around the 25 yard mark, Meagher was deadly. Once in Waterford nearly forty years ago, I saw him score two goals off line-balls within five minutes, one from the left-hand touch-line and the other from the right, and each time the sliotar flashed to the net off the inside of the far upright.’

Martin White makes the point that he wasn’t a fast man. Like all men who follow horses, he didn’t hurry. He went about centrefield in a canter. He had such a great sense of anticipation that he seemed always to be where the ball was. Actually it was uncanny how he got round centrefield when he seemed never to be straining himself. He had great hands and great strength in the upper portion of his body. He also had a great follow-through. It used to be said of him that he would have made a perfect golfer. On the top of everything he had excellent accuracy.

Asked if Lory would have fitted into today’s game, Martin White has absolutely no doubt. According to him Lory would have fitted into the game at any time and in any place.

One of his outstanding skills was the drop-puck. It was a wonderful stroke. He had the ability to bat down a ball and drop-puck it as it hit the ground. Another tactic was to use it when in trouble. He would throw the ball forward, sometimes illegally, and running after it drop puck it as it reached the ground. The stroke had great direction. It was a favourite stroke of Lory’s at close play.

He had another great talent in overhead striking. He gave a great display of it in the 1931 struggle against Cork. He didn’t catch the ball at centrefield but doubled on it again and again. He was up against Jim Hurley that day, who had inches on Lory and who was another good exponent of the same skill. Despite lacking in the stature of Hurley, Lory came well out of the contest. 

Another contemporary recalls: ‘His duels with Jimmy Walsh of Carrickshock in Shefflin’s Field were a treat to behold. It will always stay in my mind of a point scored in one such game. The ball was coming down from a puck-out but in the next instant it was sailing high in the air over the bar at the other end of the field without ever touching the ground, as a result of an overhead connection by Lory.’

Above all, Lory had a quality without which all his skills would have been as naught, and that was a great will to win, a determination never to lose. It was expressed in his willingness to carry on with broken ribs in the replay of 1931. It also found expression in his desire to continue playing into his thirty-eighth year. There are two photographs of Lory which express for me the focus and determination of the man. One was taken at the 1945 Leinster final, showing Lory standing beside goalkeeper, Jimmy Walsh. He’s actually standing in the goals, hands in pocket, cap on head, fag in mouth, completely intent on whatever is happening at the other end of the field. The second picture is of him on a reaper and binder, shirt sleeves rolled up, head bare and fag in mouth, holding the horse in rein and totally rapt in what he is doing.

Despite his quiet demeanour Lory showed outstanding qualities as captain and chairman. These were revealed in the 1931 games with Cork and during the successful year of 1935. Late in his life when he served as chairman of the Tullaroan Club his leadership qualities were shown in his chairman’s addresses and in his words to the players before leaving the dressingroom to play. In his quiet way he could send men on to the field inspired to perform above themselves. He enjoyed a good partnership with club secretary, Danny Brennan. He served for a period on the Leinster Council. Lory was offered a commission is the early days of the Garda Siochana, with a view to encouraging sport in the force. He was also offered a nomination to stand in a general election but turned it down.

During the remainder of his life, Lory devoted his time helping out with club and county teams, and looking after his farm. He was a terribly shy and retiring person, modest and unassuming to a fault. He never sought the limelight, in actual fact shunned any self-publicity with a passion. Nicky Purcell got to know him during his thriteen years as manager of Tullaroan Creamery: ‘Because the Meagher farm practically surrounded the creamery, I often saw Lory at work there. Even in work one could see he was gifted with his hands. Nobody could improve on the way he would cut and lay a fence or plough a field. Everything he did had style and quality about it. At the time I became Manager, Lory’s brother, the late Bill, was a member of the committee and later became chairman. When Bill died, Lory succeeded him on the committee. During his time there he contributed regularly to discussions and was a shrewd judge of situations and problems. Because of this his suggestions and observations were keenly sought and often accepted.

‘In private life I would rate Lory as a reserved and even shy man. To my knowledge he never sought the limelight. I am well aware that he often refused interviews with press men around All-Ireland time. He seemed to be at his happiest strolling down through the fields to the sportsfield on a summer’s evening, enjoying a smoke on his ever-present pipe. At the same time he enjoyed ‘leg pulling’ and was adept at getting the best out of characters like Peter Butler, Mick Dunphy and Liam Kennedy - all of whom sadly have passed away also. All in all I suppose it is fair to say that when Lory died, the game of hurling lost one of its brightest stars, and county Kilkenny and, in particular, his native parish of Tullaroan, lost not only a star hurler but also a highly respected member of its community. It was a pleasure and an enrichment of my life to have known him.’

I asked Martin White was Lory a popular man. He found it a difficult question. Lory wasn’t the type who make popular heroes. He didn’t court popularity. He didn’t put himself in the way of being popular. He did his own thing in a quiet way. I suppose a better word to describe public response to him is to say he was much respected. He had brought honour to parish and county. He had served both well. He had done everything that was asked of him, and oftentimes much more. And, if he were respected at home, he was very much respected outside the county. That respect is best illustrated by two stories. Martin White tells of a meeting between Timmy Ryan of Limerick and Lory many years later. They had played many tough encounters against each other. On this day they met in Dublin and embraced for surely five minutes before getting into animated conversation with one another. Another great opponent was Jim Hurley. When Lory was introduced to Jim’s widow at his funeral, she clasped his right hand in her own and raising her voice said: ‘Oh, Lory Meagher, the most oft repeated player’s name in our house.’

The respect in which he was held was shown in the attendance at his funeral. G.A.A. funerals are powerful affairs but this one was special in the huge number of past players who turned up to pay their final respects. Six of his opponents from Cork in the great 1931 games, including Jack Barrett, Eudie Coughlan, Fox Collins and Jim Regan, asked at his funeral for the privilege of carrying his coffin from the altar to the waiting hearse.

It is an indication of how Lory touched lives through his brilliant hurling skill. But he did more than touch lives. He gave his native place a fame that its size and its importance could never claim. Like the other great stars of the game. Lory lifted his native place on to a higher plain. Anyone who passes through Tullaroan is no longer passing through a quiet village but connecting with Lory Meagher and all the myths an legends associated with his name. Long may his name be remembered.

 

 

<span class="postTitle">Sounding Off</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, p 64

Sounding Off 

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, p 64

 

The headline on the Sunday paper of November 1 said it all: 'Back door open for four more years'. It was heading the report of the G.A.A. Special Congress at Rosslare the previous day which had voted to extend the experiment of the 'back door' for another four years. It did make one change. The runners-up in Leinster and Munster will no longer be protected. Henceforth they will go into the hat with the Connaght and Ulster champions in order to decide the pairings. 

At the end of almost 90 minutes of debate, the experimental format brought in for a two-year period in 1997, received an overwhelming vote of confidence from the delegates, with the exception of Offaly. The delegates, however, refrained from enshrining it permanently in the rule book. Offaly, in spite of benefiting from it in a spectacular fashion in 1998, remained opposed to it as they had when it was advocated two years previously. The county delegate, Andy Gallagher, argued that the experiment had not raised standards at under-age level, had not done anything for the weaker counties and was damaging the game at club level. Con Murphy agreed with the latter point, the marginalisation of the game at club level, while more and more hype was being focused on it at the very top. 'We don't want an elite association at one end and an association dying at the other,' remarked the former president of the GAA. 

Those in favour of the new format showed how hurling had enjoyed an unprecedented rise in popularity, both in the numbers attending games and in the television audience watching at home. The substantial increases in revenue meant that Croke Park was able to invest £2.5 million over a three-year period into the development of the game at grassroots level. 

The Future

At the moment there is no need to speculate on what will happen at the end of the four years when the second 'experimental' period comes to an end. This second period of assessment may be a sop to the traditionalists and/or a way of retaining the freedom to adjust to new thinking at the end of the four-year period. Whatever happens then it is most unlikely that we shall ever revert to the pre-1997 situation. 

In assessing the situation it is important to recall the reasons why the experiment was brought in in the first place. It was an attempt to increase the number of hurling games available in the championship and to take into consideration the state of the game in Connaght and Ulster. Central Council was trying to ensure that the best hurling teams in the country qualified for the All-Ireland semi-finals. Over and above all these aims was the hope that more games would mean more T.V. coverage and that such exposure would increase the profile of the game and help to propagate it to a wider audience. 

So far, so good. The experiment has worked. The game has got a great shot in the arm and the best teams are making it to the All-Ireland. Not only have the numbers attending hurling games increased but so also has the audience watching it on television. There is a hype about the game and its enormous attractiveness as a spectator sport is being more widely recognised. 

What Should be Done Now? 

I believe much more needs to be done and much more can be done. The new format has given us two extra games, the two quarter finals. Not a great number by any means and of concern and value only to the runners-up in the Munster and Leinster championships. More games are needed in order to make a bigger impact and propagate still more the game of hurling. If we follow the philosophy of advertising the name of the game is as much exposure as possible. 

How can we do that? The most obvious way would be through an open draw for the All-Ireland championship, a competition which would become independent of the provincial championships. As it is we have really abandoned the provincial championship as a qualifier for the All-Ireland by ignoring the status of the provincial winners: runners-up as well as winners qualify under the present system. Why discriminate against teams that don't qualify for the finals of provincial championships? Why not let all teams into the All-Ireland series? 

Such a development would be a logical conclusion of the present system. All teams would get a crack at the All-Ireland championship. Remember that Kerry haven't got a shot at that championship since the boys from Ballyduff won it in 1891 and other counties haven't got an opportunity since the open draw was abolished in 1888. The open draw would increase the number of hurling games. Under the present system there is an increase of two. In an open draw with twelve teams there would be an increase of eleven games. This would be a dramatic increase in the exposure of the game with the possibility of mid-week games for some of the opening rounds. This scheme of things would generate interest through unusual pairings, bringing together teams that would never have a chance of meeting each other. 

Of course there would be an added bonus in this for the traditionalists in that it would bring back the strict knock-out system, which some believe has been sacrificed under the present experiment. There would be no backdoor since the championship would stand on its own two feet. 

The Provincial Championship

And what of the provincial championship? It would continue as it is and need not be diminished in any way, at least no more or less than it is diminished under the present system. At the moment its winners are not recognised. There is no reason to doubt that the desire in counties to win a Munster or a Leinster championship would grow any less. The championship would run concurrently with the All-Ireland and it would give teams, knocked out in one, the opportunity to fall back on the other. 

So, roll on 2002 and another Special Congress to decide what to do with the well-tested 'experimental format'. Understandably there will be voices raised for a return to the old certitudes. There will be apocalyptic visions of the effect on club hurling. (On that matter it is interesting to recall the club situation in Tipperary this year and we were beaten in the semi-final of the Munster championship. Our divisional championship finals weren't played until the first Sunday in September and our county final not till the first Sunday in November! Were we any better off by being knocked out at an early stage?) But I hope whoever is decision-making on that occasion will grasp the nettle and introduce the open draw, the logical outcome and a progression from the present situation. 

Another Matter

This piece is called 'Sounding Off', so I can jump at this stage to a totally different matter, the throw-in in hurling. I'm more and more convinced it needs to be abolished. The solution is simple. Whichever team loses the toss at the start of a game pucks out the ball. It's so simple and look what it will avoid. Recall the throw-in between Waterford and Clare in Thurles in the replay! And that incident wasn't a lone swallow. Again and again you find referees delaying the throw-in for various reasons. They have the players lined up too early. They are waiting for the time to be right? They are revelling in their positions of power, fussing that everything is so-so, sending balletic gestures to their linesmen and umpires, rechecking their watches for the fourth time. And all the time the four midfield players are getting hyper and more hyper as the pep talk from the dressing room drums in their ears and the proximity of the enemy drives them to frenzy. 

It could all be avoided by starting the game with a puck out. And, when I'm at it the throw-in at the sideline should also be ended for good. It does nobody any good and is conducive to injury. How can that be eliminated? By getting the linesman to make up his mind and decide who should get the puck instead of taking the easy option of a throw-in. Do you ever see a throw-in in soccer or rugby? Never! The decision is always made. Why should it be different in hurling or football?

 

<span class="postTitle">Remembering Galbertstown G.A.A. Club (1954-61)</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, p 53

Remembering Galbertstown G.A.A. Club (1954-61)

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, p 53

 

You may talk about legends and heroes
And of men of great fame and renown
But come listen well to the story I tell
Of the hurlers of Galberstown. 
Their names are not heard in high places
And they’re not in the Hall of Fame
They were solid and strong and they seldom did wrong
When they played the Great Hurling Game.

 

This is the first verse of a song composed by Margaret Heaphy to commemorate the hurlers of Galbertstown on the occasion of the unveiling of a memorial to their memories at Volkes Cross in Galbertstown on September 6, 1998. Not only did she write the song but she also sang it splendidly on the occasion. It was in fact her first venture into song writing and she wrote it in a fortnight. She had a personal interest in the commemoration as a number of her brothers were involved with the club.

The impressive monument is of Killough limestone, on which are cut the names of the officers and players of the club, and it is set in a wall built with stones taken from the house of Molly, and the late Bill Flanagan, which was used by the players for togging out. The unique stonework is a tribute to Galbertstown native, Donie Fogarty, now living in Ballagh.

The club had its origins at a meeting of local people after a Stations Mass in 1954. At that stage Galbertstown was in the parish of Moycarkey-Borris (it transferred to Holycross-Ballycahill in the early seventies) and it was a long distance to the G.A.A. pitch in Littleton. There were a lot of hurlers in the area and it was believed that a separate club was necessary to cater for their needs. The club was affiliated to the mid board in the same year and the players met for the first year in the late Bill Flanagan’s field and for the remaining six years of their existence in the field of the late Johnny Shanahan. The founding members were Michael McCormack, John Flanagan (M), Brian Shanahan, Michael Spillane, Johnny Shanahan and John Maher.

The colour chosen by the club was white and it was known as the lily white of Galbertstown. It was remarked on the evening of the unveiling how significant it was that the real Lily Whites should be making history when Galbertstown was being remembered. The club didn’t have any success. Its best achievement was getting to a mid junior final. Two players from the club did achieve success with the county. Michael Lonergan was on the county All-Ireland panel in 1964 and John Flanagan won a medal in 1971. One team photograph was taken and it was incorporated in the memorial.

The monument was the culmination of about twelve months’ work by the local organising committee of some forty enthusiasts. The officers are - Chairman: Johnny Flanagan; Secretary: Raymond Flanagan; Treasurer: Conor Spillane; Assistant Treasurer: Donie Shanahan; Vice-chairman: Jim Flanagan; Assistant Secretary: Paggy Shanahan. In fact so great was the enthusiasm and so successful the fund-raising that the job was completed much more quickly than originally envisaged. Much research was done into the history of the club and the committee hope to bring this out in book form in the near future.

It was a great occasion for the people of Galbertstown and an opportunity for them to reveal pride in their place and their history. The guest speaker was Tomas O Baroid, Runai, Tipperary County Board. The chief concelebrant of the Mass was Fr. Liam Ryan, whose brother, Michael, had played with Galbertstown. He was assisted by Fr. Tom Breen, Fr. Richard Ryan and Fr. Paudie Moloughney. To commemorate the great occasion the Offertory Procession was a special one. Many items associated with the club, which are preserved to this day, were presented. The monument was unveiled by Jim Cormack, the oldest man in Galbertstown, and John Shanahan, son of Paggy and the late John Joe Shanahan. The Master of Ceremonies was Raymond Flanagan and the Moycarkey-Borris Pipe Band were on duty and concluded the proceedings with Amhran na bhFiann. At a function in Kevin Ryan’s of Holycross afterwards, plaques were presented to former members and players or their representatives.

They were men of might and of splendour
They were heroes of renown
And we’ll never again see the likes of those men
The Hurlers of Galbertstown. 

 

 

<span class="postTitle">Recent G.A.A. Publications - 1998</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, pp 41

Recent G.A.A. Publications - 1998

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, pp 41

 

There's an absolute dearth of club publications in the county this year. No club has gone to print! Talking to Seamus McCarthy recently about Tipperary's All-Ireland junior football victory and his own receipt of the Tipperary Sport Star award, I asked him about the Bansha book. This was promised a few years ago. According to him he is hoping to close the final chapter in the New Year. Galtee Rovers' achievements have been outstanding this year and their victories would make a fine closing chapter, plus, of course, his own impressive achievements. 

If no club published a history in 1998, one club P.R.O. got the highest recognition. Bridget Delaney of the Burgess G.A.A. Club won a McNamee Award for her club media presentation. As club P.R.O. since 1992, she has produced the club notes for the Guardian every week, fifty-two weeks in the year. She received her award for the comprehensiveness and completeness of her effort, offering a weekly diet of news of matches, events, functions, obituaries, any club activity worthy of mention. She supplements her notes with appropriate photographs and so convinced is she of the value of the picture to draw attention to the text that she is presently pursuing a photography course in Cork. As well as her P.R.O. work, Bridget is also working assiduously on the club history. Much work has been completed, many photographs have been collected. In fact, progress has been so good that, if she acquired a sponsor to cover the cost of publication, she would be in print in the not-too-distant future. 

A number of books, published during the past year, are worthy of mention. Sport, Culture, Politics and Scottish Society - Irish Immigrants and the G.A.A. by Joseph M. Bradley (Edinburgh, 1998) traces the history of Gaelic sport in Scotland from its beginnings in 1897 up to the present. It puts the sport in the context of Scottish nationalism and shows how national identification tended to be with Glasgow Celtic rather than with the G.A.A. The book is about much more than sport, being a commentary on the historical, social and political development of the Irish in Scotland. 

For Love of Town and Village by Jack Mahon (Dublin, 1997) explores the exciting success of the AIB G.A.A. Club All-Ireland championships. The club unit has always been the bedrock of the G.A.A. In the early days the AII-Irelands were contested between clubs representing counties, with the first ever titles of 1887 won by Thurles and Limerick Commercials. This practice continued right up to the 1920s. From then onwards counties were represented by selections from all the clubs in the counties and the club unit tended to count for less. The revival of the club championship in 1970 gave the clubs back something precious and something that has proven enduring. It is the one 'modern' competition that has caught the imagination of the public. The Oireachtas and the Railway Cup may have declined but the club championship goes from strength to strength. It gives supporters the opportunity to see some top class hurling and football and meaningful competition during the winter months. The book not only tells the story of the victorious sides but highlights some of the personalities who played. Two chapters of particular Tipperary interest are titled Roscrea: First in Hurling and Lovely Fair Ieigh. It's a wel­come addition to the G.A.A. library. 

Sambo: All or Nothing by Terence McNaughton (Dublin, 1998) tells the story of Antrim hurling through the experiences of the writer. It's a lively read and Tipperary don't come very well out of it. Writing about the aftermath of the 1989 All-Ireland and the banquet for the All-Ireland teams at Kilmainham, the following day, he has this to say: 'We didn't want to be at that banquet - we wanted to be home with our families. It wasn't a question of bad sportsmanship. We were hurt and humiliated. We had been beaten by a better side, beaten by 18 points. If we didn't deserve to win, neither did we deserve the insults of a few - and I'd emphasise a few - of the Tipperary players. One made a comment about my 'hairstyle'. If I'd a penny for every time I'd had someone slag me about my dome, I'd be rich. It was the manner in which it was said that day. Offence was intended and it wasn't just that we were raw from losing. They tried to rub our noses in it. They showed us no respect whatsoever and lacked manners. One said he 'didn't rate winning the All-Ireland because we only beat Antrim'. Another said: 'We'll have to win another All-Ireland medal because this one won't count.' One of them subsequently refused me an autograph for my son. When I asked, he turned and said, 'Why, who are you?' And there is more! 

Wexford Old Gaels' Story, 1982-1997 compiled by Larry Larkin (Enniscorthy, 1997, is a totally different kind of book. It is about an organisation, founded in Wexford in 1982, to ensure that the work of dedicated G.A.A. people is recognised and remembered. Hundreds of testimonial awards have been presented in the past fifteen years. Those who scaled the heights in their playing days and those who attained the top official posts have been included. But, more importantly, many of those who have played and worked for their clubs with dedication without ever achieving major success have also been recognised and honoured. The motto of the organisation is that 'it is important that we do not forget to remember.' Maybe there's room for a similar organisation in this county. 

On a personal note, The Clash of the Ash in Foreign Fields: Hurling Abroad (Cashel, 1998), was published during the year. It completes the work begun in A History of Hurling. In fact, the work began as a chapter in the latter book but, because the book had gone beyond the limits laid down by the publishers, had to be withdrawn. It was just as well because what I had tried to cram into one chapter was too much. To attempt to cover the history of hurling in the U.K., North America, Argentina, South Africa, Australia and other places in a chapter was not on. It deserved a book and has got just that (200 pages in A4 size) in The Clash of the Ash in Foreign Fields. The book covers the attempts made by the G.A.A. to spread the gospel of hurling abroad by sending top teams of hurlers on promotional trips to foreign places, beginning with the American 'Invasion' in 1888 and continuing right down to the All-Star trips of modern times. It also relates the efforts of the Irish diaspora to organise the game in a meaningful way wherever they found themselves in large numbers.

 

<span class="postTitle">The Nenagh Co-op County Senior Hurling Championship - 1998</span> Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, pp 30-31

The Nenagh Co-op County Senior Hurling Championship - 1998

Tipperary G.A.A. Yearbook 1999, pp 30-31

 

Toomevara returned to the pinnacle of Tipperary hurling on November I when they regained the Dan Breen Cup after a three-year absence. 

They defeated the 1997 champions, Clonoulty-Rossmore, by 0-16 to 1-10 and in doing so re-established themselves as the premier club of the nineties, with four victories out of five final appearances. Although only three points separated the sides at the final whistle, this was an emphatic Toomevara victory fashioned out of a wide spread of hurling talent from a tight and composed backline to a versatile set of forwards. It was a sweet victory for a club which, after the promises of the early nineties, had to suffer the frustration of failure over the past three years. 

Although Tipperary's inter-county hurling success was negligible during the year, the divisional championships fell well behind. This was partly explained by the success of the senior footballers who reached the Munster final, played at Thurles on August 2, and the juniors, who surprised everyone except themselves in bringing the first football All-Ireland to the county since 1934. All four divisional finals were played on the first weekend of September and, what may well be unique, new champions were declared in all cases. 

Divisional Finals 

The mid final was played on Saturday evening at Semple Stadium and it will be remembered not for the quality of the hurling but rather for a great-hearted display by Loughmore-Castleiney who, with limited resources, beat a much more talented Boherlahan-Dualla side by 0-10 to 1-5. The west final, on the following day, was played in atrocious conditions at Emly. Clonoulty-Rossmore were the favourites and they won, perhaps none too convincingly, by 0-12 to 0-8, against a very spirited Golden-Kilfeacle side, which lacked effective fire power up front. On the same afternoon at Monroe, Ballingarry proved too good for Carrick Swans and their victory by 1-14 to 1-7 was thoroughly deserved. There was a surprise in store for patrons of the north final at Cloughjordan. Firm favourites and unbeaten-to-date Toomevara were shocked by a Nenagh side, which gave an outstanding display and defeated the champions by 1-11 to 0-11.


Quarter Finals

The line up for the quarter finals was North v South and Mid v West. The North-South contests were played in Sean Treacy Park, Tipperary on September 20. In the first game Eire Óg, Nenagh were on song against a Carrick Swan side, which failed to do themselves justice on the occasion. In fine hurling conditions the North champions had effectively brushed aside the Swan challenge by the interval, when they led by 1-12 to 0-4. The second half dragged its slow length along to an inevitable conclusion when the score stood at 2-21 to 0-5. The highlight of the game was the exceptional performance of Nenagh's John Kennedy, who scored 1-10 of his side's total.

The second game was a much better contest. Toomevara got off to a blistering start and were ahead by 1-7 to 0-2 after twenty minutes but Ballingarry fought back and were 2-8 to 1-6 in arrears at the interval. However, the North men were a bridge too far for the South champions and, try as they might, they could not overcome the deficit and were still five points behind at the final whistle on a scoreline of 3-14 to 3-9. The most telling statistic of the game was the number of wides shot by Toomevara. To their fourteen points they added fifteen wides whereas Ballingarry struck only five in the course of the hour. It was a good indication of the overall dominance of the Toom men. 

The third of the quarter-finals was played at Cashel on September 27. The game was eagerly awaited as Clonoulty-Rossmore had snatched victory from the jaws of defeat in their previous meeting in the 1997 county semi-final. On this occasion it was the reigning county champions who' controlled the game all the way and it was Boherlahan-Dualla who made the late surge, but in vain. The West champions led by 0-9 to 0-6 at the interval and had three points to spare on a scoreline of 2-1 1 to 1-1 1 at the final whistle. 

The last of the quarter-finals was delayed because of the need to have the play-off between the West runners-up and the Crosco Cup winners. Golden-Kilfeacle and Kickhams played at Cashel on Sept-tember 27 and the result of an exciting encounter was a victory for Kickhams by 3-16 to 2-15. They played LoughmoreCastleiney at Cashel on October 4. In a tough, tense battle Kickhams gave one of their better displays to come out on top by 1-8 to 0-10. Going into the game as underdogs, their display might have justified a better margin of victory but their supporters were quite happy with a result which put them into a county semi-final for the first time since the 1950s. It was also a sweet achievement for a team which had failed to reach its own divisional final. 

The Semi-Finals

The semi-finals were played at Semple Stadium on October 18. For Toomevara it was an easy victory. They had eighteen points to spare over a thoroughly disappointing Kickhams side in a poor game. The story is simply told. Kickhams started off well but a goal by Tommy Dunne in the eighth minute established the North side's dominance. They led by 1-11 to 0-5 at the interval and were in front by 4-19 to 0-13 at the final whistle. They showed themselves a skillful bunch of players with a bit of toughness thrown in and their display established them as favourites for the final.

The second game was a more exciting contest. Nenagh came into the match as the team of all the talents. They had beaten Toomevara in the North final and annihilated the hapless Swans in the quarter-final. They had the advantage over Clonoulty-Rossmore in the first half but allowed them back into contention.The concession of an own goal early in the second-half was a disaster. However, they fought back and were three points in front with ten minutes remaining. But that lead was gradually whittled away and the sides were level with five minutes to go. In the remaining period it was the determination and spirit of Clonoulty-Rossmore, aided by poor shooting on the part of Nenagh that gave the West champions victory. The shot that scored the winning point came from declan Ryan, who spied half a chance from the old stand sideline, and took it to give his side a place in the final by 3-1 I to 1-16. For Nenagh it was a most disappointing performance, the memory of which will send shivers of irritation through the system. They played some beautiful hurling which came to nought through woeful inaccuracy.

The Final

The traditional venue, Semple Stadium, hosted the county final on November 1. A week's rain beforehand was hardly the proper preparation for the premier event in county hurling. The poor conditions gave way to a dry, blustery day but a disappointing crowd of only 9,000 spectators turned up for the occasion. 

Toomevara went into the game as favourites but there were some, influenced no doubt by Clonoulty-Rossmore's survival experiences en route, who believed that the West men would create a surprise. The big men of the West and the heavy going would combine to reduce Toom's potential and give the red and green victory. 

Such was not to be. It was a close final but the closeness belied Toom's superiority. The sides were level six times in a hard fought first half but it was significant that after dropping a two-point advantage, they regained it and deservedly led by three points at the interval, 0-10 to 0-7. It could be argued that Clonoulty-Rossmore were unlucky not to score two goals during this period and there's a point in the argument. But equally valuable is the contention that it was the brilliance of the Toomevara backs which deprived them of the goals and that is borne out by the splendid display of the same backs in the second half, particularly the half-back line spearheaded by Tony Delaney. 

The Toom dominance continued after the break and within ten minutes they were six points in front. Then came Clonoulty-Rossmore's great moment, a goal from a penalty by Declan Ryan. It was a superb shot, striking the back of the net before the defenders knew it had passed them. It should have lifted the West men but instead it brought one of the finest scores' of the hour, a point from Tommy Dunne almost from the puck out. It was a swift retort and restored the four point lead. For the remainder of the game Clonoulty-Rossmore tried very hard to reduce the deficit but could never get it below three points and so it remained until the final whistle. 

It was a happy and deserved return to the top for Toomevara. They are a well co-ordinated side with talent all over the field and plenty on the sideline as well. We wish them well in Munster as they have unfinished business in the club championship. There is no substitute for victory but Clonoulty-Rossmore can look back on a year during which they gave great satisfaction to their supporters and revealed that they have young players of great potential in Liam Kearney, Michael Heffernan, Kevin Lanigan-Ryan and Bonny Kennedy. 

Toomevara: J. Cotrell, G. Frend, R. Brislane, A. Maxwell, P. Hackett, T. Delaney, P. Shanahan (capt.), P. King, Terry Dunne, P. O'Brien, Tommy Dunne, K. Dunne, M. Bevans, K. Kennedy, K. Cummins. Subs: D. Kelly for K. Kennedy; Paul McGrath for P. King. 

Clonoulty-Rossmore: A. Fryday (capt.), M. Ryan, P. Brennan, R. Ahearn, M. Heffernan, A. Butler, L. Kearney, M. Brennan, K. Lanigan-Ryan, M. Quirke, K. Ryan, M. Kennedy, D. Quirke, D. Ryan, M. 'Shiner' Heffernan. Subs:J. Hayes for M. Quirke; A. Kennedy for M. 'Shiner' Heffernan; L. Manton for M. Ryan. 

Referee: Willie Barrett (Arcfinnan) 

Man of the Match award: Tony Delaney (Toomevara). 

 

Results at a Glance:

County Final

Nov. 1, 1998 at Semple Stadium:

Toomevara 0-16 Clonoulty-Rossmore I -10 Referee: Willie Barrett (Arcfinnan) 

 

Semi-Finals

Oct. 18, 1998 at Semple Stadium:

Toomevara 4-19 Kickhams 0-13 Referee: Tommy Lonergan (Kilsheelan)

Clonoulty-Rossmore 3-11 Nenagh Eire Og 1-16 Referee: Willie Clohessy (Drom-Inch) 

 

Quarter Finals

October 4, 1998 at Leahy Park:

Kickhams 1-8 Loughmore-Castleiney 0-10 Referee: Michael Cahill (Kilruane-MacDonaghs) 

September 20, 1998 at Sean Treacy Park:

Toomevara 3-14 Ballingarry 3-9 Referee: John Ryan (Cashel King Cormacs)

Nenagh Eire Og 2-21 Carrick Swans 0-5 Referee: Richard Barry (Cappawhite) 

September 27,1998 at Leahy Park:

Clonoulty-Rossmore 2-11 Boherlahan-Dualla 1-1 Referee: Johnny McDonnel1 (Roscrea) (Drom-Inch).